口腔颌面部间隙感染的相关研究及治疗进展

Related research and treatment progress of oral and maxillofacial space infection

口腔颌面部间隙感染是颌面外科的常见病和多发病,感染常累及颌面部多个潜在间隙,若感染不能有效控制,其会快速弥散到邻近组织器官引起严重并发症,如气道阻塞、纵隔炎及坏死性筋膜炎等,甚至出现患者休克或者死亡。随着社会老龄化程度加重,伴有糖尿病、高血压等系统性疾病的颌面部间隙感染发病率也不断升高。由于其发病急、进展迅速且多出现严重并发症,如何正确诊治该类疾病是口腔颌面外科医师需要应对的临床挑战。本文对影响口腔颌面部间隙感染发生发展的因素进行了回顾分析,同时对致病病原菌的分布、细菌的耐药情况以及当前对该类急症的治疗进展等方面进行了综述。

Oral and maxillofacial space infection is one of the most common diseases in maxillofacial surgery.The infection often affects the multiple potential spaces of the maxillofacial region.Concerning the spaces are connected to each other,when the infection cannot be effectively controlled,it will quickly spread to neighboring important organs and cause serious complications,such as airway obstruction,mediastinitis,necrotizing fasciitis,cavernous sinus thrombosis and even shock or death.With the development of social aging,the prevalence of systemic diseases and the incidence of maxillofacial space infection has been increasing.Considering its acute onset,rapid progress and more serious complications,it is an arduous challenge to correctly diagnose and treat oral and maxillofacial space infection for surgeons.This article reviews the occurrence and development factors of oral and maxillofacial space infection,the distribution of pathogens bacteria,the bacterial drug resistance and the current treatment progress.