碱性磷酸酶的体外检测和体内成像研究进展

Advances on in Vitro Detection and in Vivo Imaging of Alkaline Phosphatase

碱性磷酸酶(Alkaline phosphatase,ALP)是一种水解酶,可以催化蛋白质、核酸和碳水化合物中磷酸基团的去除。ALP广泛存在于原核生物和真核生物中,具有调节细胞分裂、增殖、凋亡和信号转导等生物功能。ALP的活性失调与心血管疾病、糖尿病和癌症等疾病密切相关,是一种重要的生物标志物。ALP的超灵敏检测对临床诊断和生物医学研究具有重要意义,其体外检测方法主要包括比色法、电化学法、表面增强拉曼散射法和荧光分析法,体内成像方法主要依赖于荧光成像。该文综述了近年来ALP的体外检测和体内成像研究进展,进一步展望了ALP的体外检测和体内成像研究所面临的挑战及未来发展趋势。

Alkaline phosphatase(ALP)is a hydrolase that can catalyze the removal of the phosphate group from proteins,nucleic acids and carbohydrates.ALP widely exists in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes and plays an important role in regulating various biological processes such as cell division,proliferation,apoptosis and signal transduction.The dysregulation of ALP activity is closely associated with a variety of human diseases including cardiovascular diseases,diabetes and cancers,making it a promising biomarker for disease diagnosis.Thus,sensitive detection of ALP activity is essential to clinical diagnosis and biomedical research.In this review,the emerging strategies for in vitro detection and in vivo imaging of ALP in recent years are summarized.The in vitro detection methods include colorimetry,electrochemistry,surface enhanced Raman scattering and fluorescence measurements,while the in vivo imaging methods mainly rely on fluorescence imaging.Moreover,new insights into the challenges and future directions of ALP assay are given.