RNA中腺嘌呤编辑分析方法研究进展

Research Progress on Analytical Methods for De⁃ciphering Adenosine-to-inosine RNA Editing

RNA腺嘌呤编辑(Ade-to-Ino)是RNA上最丰富的转录后修饰之一。腺苷到肌苷的转变通过作用于RNA上的腺苷脱氨酶(ADARs)催化腺苷C6位上的氨基水解脱氨产生。RNA腺嘌呤编辑参与调控基因表达和蛋白功能。研究发现异常的RNA腺嘌呤编辑与多种人类疾病相关。深入研究RNA腺嘌呤编辑的生理功能需要高灵敏检测、准确定量和精准定位分析方法。该综述概括了从各种RNA分子中检测、定量和定位RNA腺嘌呤编辑方法和技术的最新进展,从基本原理、优点、不足和应用4个方面对这些分析方法和技术进行讨论,期望能够促进RNA腺嘌呤编辑分析方法的发展,推动不同种类RNA中RNA腺嘌呤编辑功能的研究。

Adenosine-to-inosine(Ade-to-Ino)RNA editing is one of the most widespread post-transcriptional modifications in RNA.The conversion of adenosine to inosine is through the hydrolytic deamination of the amino group at the C6 position of adenosine,which is catalyzed by the adenosine deaminases acting on RNA(ADARs).Accumulated lines of evidence show that Ade-to-Ino RNA editing is involved in the regulation of gene expression and protein functions.Aberrant Ade-to-Ino RNA editing is demonstrated to be correlated with many human diseases.Indepth investigation of the biological functions of Ade-to-Ino RNA editing depends on the sensitive detection,accurate quantification,and precise mapping analysis.This review provides an overview of the recent advances in analytical methods and techniques for the detection,quantification and location analysis of Ade-to-Ino RNA editing in a wide range of RNA molecules.The principles,advantages,limitations and applications of these established methods are discussed.It is hoped that this review could stimulate the development of analytical methods to decipher Ade-to-Ino RNA editing and expedite the elucidation of the functions of Ade-to-Ino RNA editing in various RNA species.