婴幼儿颞部三角形脱发皮肤镜和反射式共聚焦显微镜特征分析

Analysis of the Characteristics of Dermoscopy and Reflectance Confocal Microscopy in Infants with Temporal Triangular Temporal Alopecia

目的分析婴幼儿颞部三角形脱发(TTA)的皮肤镜和反射式共聚焦激光扫描显微镜(RCM)特征,探讨皮肤镜和RCM对TTA的辅助诊断价值。方法收集2015年1月-2020年12月在天津市儿童医院皮肤科门诊就诊的TTA患儿10例,行皮肤镜和RCM检查,记录图像特点。结果皮肤镜图像显示,皮肤颜色大致正常,毛囊开口数量大致正常,毛囊口有毛绒状毛发(毳毛),边缘被正常毛发包围,没有黄点征、黑点征,脆性毛发和"感叹号"发,没有毛细血管扩张结构,未见明显皮肤萎缩及瘢痕。RCM图像显示,表皮结构大致正常,毛囊数量大致正常,毛囊形态偏小,毛囊口可见细小毛发,基底细胞环完整,未见液化变性,真皮乳头结构清晰,未见炎细胞浸润。结论婴幼儿TTA具有典型的皮肤镜及RCM特征,可为其诊断及鉴别诊断提供依据。

Objective To investigate dermoscopic and reflectance confocal microscopic(RCM)features of temporal triangular alopecia(TTA)in infants, to investigate the value of dermoscopy and RCM in the diagnosis of TTA.Methods A total of 10 patients with TTA, between January 2015 and December 2020, in the Department of Dermatology of Tianjin Children′s Hospital were selected.Dermoscopy and RCM were performed to record the image characteristics.Results The dermoscopic images showed that the skin color was normal, and the number of hair follicle was normal.There were fluffy hair(velvety hair) at the hair follicle opening, and the edge was surrounded by normal hair.There were no yellow spot sign, black spot sign, brittle hair and “exclamation mark” hair, no capillary dilation structure, no skin atrophy and scar.RCM images showed that the epidermis structure was normal, the number of hair follicles was normal, the hair follicles were small, small hair could be seen at the mouth of hair follicles, basal cell ring was complete, no liquefaction degeneration was found, dermal papilla structure was clear, and no obvious inflammatory cell infiltration was found.Conclusion TTA has typical dermoscopic and RCM features, which can provide evidence for its diagnosis and differential diagnosis.