584名健康成人全口味觉功能检查结果分析

Analysis of whole-mouth taste function test results in 584 healthy adults

目的:通过可靠的全口味觉功能检查对健康成人的味觉功能进行评估,分析味觉功能与年龄及性别的相关性。方法:纳入2019年3月至2020年1月北京安贞医院体检中心嗅觉味觉功能正常的健康受试者584名,其中男297名,女287名,年龄(46.9±16.6)岁。将受试者按年龄分为青年组(19~35岁)、中年组(36~50岁)、中老年组(51~65岁)和老年组(66~80岁)。味觉功能检查包括5种味觉(酸、甜、咸、鲜和苦)和7种浓度梯度。通过全口味觉功能检查得到5种味觉的味觉感知及识别得分。采用SPSS 22.0软件对数据进行统计学分析。结果:全口味觉功能检查组内相关系数为0.751~0.828,具有较高的重测信度。受试者5种味觉的感知及识别总分与年龄呈负相关( r值分别为-0.49、-0.44, P值均<0.001)。中老年组和老年组较青年组和中年组受试者味觉功能明显下降( P值均<0.001);青年组与中年组的味觉感知和识别总分差异无统计学意义( P值均>0.05)。女性酸、咸、鲜和苦的感知和识别得分及总分均高于男性( P值均<0.05),但甜味的感知及识别得分与男性相比差异无统计学意义( P值分别为0.584、0.223)。 结论:随着年龄增加,人体的味觉功能出现下降。除甜味外,女性对酸、咸、鲜和苦味的敏感性比男性高。

Objective To assess the taste function of healthy Chinese adults with the reliable whole-mouth taste test,and to analyze the correlation of taste function with age and gender.Methods The clinical data of 584 participants reporting the normal sense of smell and taste from March 2019 to January 2020 in the Physical Examination Center of Beijing Anzhen Hospital were analyzed in the study,including 297 males and 287 females,aging(46.9±16.6)years.The subjects were divided into youth group(19-35 years old),middle aged group(36-50 years old),middle-elderly aged group(51-65 years old)and elderly group(66-80 years old).The taste test involved 5 tastants(sour,sweet,salty,umami and bitter)and 7 concentrations.The perception and recognition scores of five tastes were obtained through the whole-mouth taste test.SPSS 22.0 software was used for statistical analysis.Results The intra-class correlation coefficients of the whole-mouth taste test were 0.751 to 0.828,which showed high test-retest reliability.The total score of perception and recognition of five tastes showed the significant negative correlation with age(r value was-0.49 and-0.44,respectively,both P<0.001).Compared with the other two groups,taste function of middle-elderly aged and elderly group decreased significantly(all P<0.001).There was no significant difference in total perception scores and total recognition scores between youth and middle aged group(all P>0.05).The perception scores and recognition scores of sour,salty,umami,bitter and total scores in females were higher than those in males(all P<0.05),but there was no significant difference in perception scores and recognition scores for sweet between them(P value was 0.584 and 0.223,respectively).Conclusions The taste function is significantly negatively correlated with age.Except the sweet,females are more sensitive to the sour,salty,umami and bitter tastes than males.