重大突发事件应对中的快速行政处罚——兼评新修《行政处罚法》第49条

Rapid Administrative Punishment in Major Emergency Response--Reflection on Article 49 of the Newly Revised Law on Administrative Punishment

《行政处罚法》修订后的第49条和新冠肺炎疫情防控期间行政机关从快处罚的实践,使重大突发事件应对中的快速行政处罚受到关注。快速行政处罚是非常状态下行政处罚制度的特殊适用,以常态行政中的普通行政处罚程序为基础,其性质属于行政裁量中的程序裁量。在重大突发事件应对背景下,快速行政处罚具有特殊的制度功能。但是,《行政处罚法》第49条的“粗糙立法”使快速行政处罚制度在适用时面临启动标准不清、适用范围模糊、实施限度不明等问题。对此,应当从细化适用条件、补全适用范围、设定适用限度等方面对快速行政处罚进行制度完善。

The newly revision of Article 49 of the Law on Administrative Punishment and the practice of prompt punishment by administrative authorities during the prevention and control of the COVID-19 have brought the rapid administrative punishment into focus.Rapid administrative punishment in major emergency response is the special application of administrative punishment under the extraordinary state,which is based on the general administrative punishment procedures in the normal administration.It’s a kind of administrative procedural discretion in nature.In the context of major emergency response,rapid administrative punishment has special system functions.However,the“rough legislation”of Article 49 of the Law on Administrative Punishment makes it face some concrete application difficulties.Therefore,the perfection for rapid administrative punishment system should be carried out from such aspects as refining the application conditions,completing the application scope,and setting the application limitation.