畿服制与择中立都

The Jifu System and the Political Control View of Choosing the Center to Build the Capital

学界对于畿服制的研究,大部分将文献记载的五服、九服等混为一谈,较为附会。根据先秦秦汉文献对畿服制的不同记载,可以划分为三种类型:《国语》《荀子》仅有“五大层次”的五服描述;《禹贡》《夏本纪》形成了“五大层次、方五百里圈、等距离地带”的五服模式;《周礼》的畿服制则是“千里王畿为核心、九大层次、方五百里圈、等距离地带”的理想圈层结构模式。畿服制的圈层结构充分体现了理想状态下“中”的地理空间概念和政治核心概念的统一,这种居中而治的政治控制观,充分展现了政治统治的空间权衡。

About the Jifu system, the Wufu system was confused with the Jiufu system in most records,that seemed somewhat farfetched. According to the different records from the pre-Qin period to Han Dynasty, it is found that there were only“five levels”descriptions of the Wufu system in Guoyu and Xunzi, while the Wufu system in Yugong and Xia Ben Ji were more specific, the model of“five levels, fivehundredmiles circle and equidistant zone”was formed. The ideal circle structure model of Jifu system in Zhouli was“the core with a thousand mile, nine levels, five hundred miles circle and equidistant zone”. The Jifu system was a square structure in space and an ideal political blueprint while it fully reflected the unity of the geographical space concept and the political core concept of“Zhong”under the ideal state. The political control view of choosing the center to build the capital and ruling from the middle, fully demonstrated the spatial tradeoff of political domination.