西周金文族徽的地域分布与商周族群的政治认同

The Regional Distribution of the Armorial Inscription on Bronze in the Western Zhou Dynasty and the Political Identity of the Shang and Zhou Ethnic Groups

金文族徽由河南地区向陕西大量传播始于商末周初,这是当时政治中心由东向西转移的一种反映。西周早期,金文族徽分布主要以成周、宗周、岐周为中心。见于西土之地多分布在今陕西宝鸡、凤翔、陇县。东土之地多分布在今山东滕州、济阳、黄县。北土之地多分布在今北京房山琉璃河、顺义牛栏山,辽宁喀左。南土之地多分布在今湖北随州、蕲春、江陵等地。相比较而言,西周早期金文族徽的数量有所增加,地域分布有所扩大,西周中晚期则呈急剧减少的趋势。前者与分封时大量分散迁移殷遗民、以宗盟制构建王权政治和地缘政治有关,后者与商周文化融合、族群结构改变、政治认同加强有关。

The armorial inscription on bronze were widely spread from Henan province to Shaanxi province during the late Shang and early Zhou Dynasties, which reflected a shift of the political center from east to west at that time. In the early Western Zhou Dynasty, the armorial inscription on bronze were mainly found in the areas centering an axis linking Qizhou, Zongzhou, and Chengzhou. Those were also found in Baoji city, Fengxiang county, and Longxian county in the west, Tengzhou city, Jiyang county, and Huang county in the east, Liulihe of Fangshan, Niulanshan of Shunyi, and Kazuo county of Liaoning province in the north, and Suizhou city, Qichun county, Jiangling county in the south. In the early Western Zhou Dynasty,the number and geographical distribution of the armorial inscription on bronze increased, which were related to the large number of scattered migrations of the Shang descendants during the enfeoffment, and the establishment of covenant-based royalty politics and geopolitics. In comparison, in the middle and late Western Zhou Dynasty, the number and geographical distribution of the armorial inscription on bronze showed a sharp decline trend, a phenomenon that tied to the cultural integration of Shang and Zhou, the change in structure of ethnic groups and the strengthening of political identity.