当代中国大中城市副食品供应与郊区行政区划的调整(1949—1966)

The Non-staple Food Supply and the Adjustment of Suburban Administrative Division in Contemporary Chinese Large and Medium-sized Cities(1949-1966)

建政初期,中共通过郊区土改确定各大中城市的郊区范围,并根据蔬菜等副食品的特点而赋予郊区供应的义务。当时由于强调对副食品的供应保持适当水平,故而中央政府对于各市扩大郊区持谨慎态度。粮食与副食品的紧张矛盾,致使副食品供不应求。1957年开始,为保证副食品供应,国家借鉴苏联经验,决定在城市郊区建立副食品基地。“大跃进”时期,各市将附近县份并入,形成了近郊区与远郊区互相配合供应城市副食品的格局。然而城市管理上的弊端以及农业危机的出现迫使各地和中央压缩郊区规模、减少菜农数量。经过调整,在蔬菜单位面积产量提高的情况下,城市所需蔬菜基本由郊区供应,猪肉等副食品则主要由广大农村供应。其间反映了城市、郊区与普通农村的复杂关系。

In the early days of the founding of the regime, the Communist Party of China determined the suburban areas of large and medium-sized cities through the suburban land reform, and gave the suburbs the obligation of supply based on the characteristics of vegetables and other non-staple foods. At that time, due to the emphasis on maintaining an appropriate level of non-staple food supplies, the central government was cautious about the expansion of the suburbs of each city. The tension between grain and non-staple food caused non-staple food in short supply. Since 1957, in order to ensure the supply of non-staple food, the state learned from the Soviet experience and decided to establish non-staple food bases in the suburbs. During the“Great Leap Forward”,each city merged nearby counties and formed a pattern in which suburbs and outer suburbs cooperate to supply urban non-staple food. However, the shortcomings in urban management and the emergence of the agricultural crisis had forced localities and the central government to reduce the scale of suburban areas and reduce the number of vegetable farmers. After adjustment, with the increase in vegetable output per unit area, the vegetables needed in cities were basically supplied by the suburbs, and non-staple foods such as pork were mainly supplied by the vast rural areas. It reflected the complex relationship between cities, suburbs and ordinary rural areas.