广州市老城区中老年人群膳食模式与常见慢性病的关系

Relationship between dietary patterns and chronic non-communicable diseases among middle aged and old people in old urban region of Guangzhou City

目的探讨广州市老城区中老年居民膳食模式与常见慢性病的关系,为慢性病防控之膳食干预提供科学依据。方法基于“国家心血管病早期筛查与综合干预项目”2018—2019年广州市项目点数据,909例研究对象数据经问卷调查、身体测量及实验室检测获取。采用因子分析构建膳食模式,运用多因素logistic回归分析各膳食模式与慢性病的关联。结果中心性肥胖、高血压、血脂异常和糖尿病检出率分别为32.23%、57.10%、45.43%和20.13%。经因子分析提取3种膳食模式,“现代健康模式”“动物蛋白模式”和“主食模式”,趋势χ^(2)检验显示,随着主食模式因子得分水平的升高糖尿病检出率呈升高趋势(χ_(趋势)^(2)=5.975,P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,现代健康模式与年龄<60岁(OR=1.982,95%CI:1.363~2.882)、高中及以上(OR=1.457,95%CI:1.031~2.060)及经常运动(OR=1.885,95%CI:1.340~2.652)呈正相关,与男性(OR=0.650,95%CI:0.424~0.997)及血脂异常(OR=0.709,95%CI:0.503~0.999)呈负相关。主食模式与年龄<60岁(OR=1.724,95%CI:1.204~2.470)及糖尿病(OR=1.521,95%CI:1.012~2.288)呈正相关。结论现代健康模式可降低广州市老城区中老年居民血脂异常的患病风险,而主食模式可增加糖尿病患病风险;应针对不同膳食模式人群加强合理膳食健康教育,降低慢性病的发病风险。

Objective To explore the relationship between dietary patterns and chronic non-communicable diseases(NCDs)among the middle aged and old people in old urban region of Guangzhou City,provide scientific basis for dietary intervention in chronic disease prevention and control.Methods Based on the data from the database of Guangzhou City in the"China project for early screening and comprehensive intervention of cardiovascular diseases"from 2018 to 2019,the data of 909 subjects were obtained by questionnaire survey,physical measurements and laboratory tests.Factor analysis was conducted to establish the dietary patterns and multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between dietary patterns and NCDs.Results The detection rate of central obesity,hypertension,dyslipidemia and diabetes was 32.23%,57.10%,45.43%and 20.13%,respectively.There were three dietary patterns identified by factor analysis as follows:"modern healthy mode","animal protein mode"and"grain mode".Theχ^(2)trend test showed that the detection rate of diabetes increased with the increase of the score of grain mode(χ_(trend)^(2)=5.975,P<0.05).The multivariate logistic regression showed that modern healthy mode was positively related to age<60 years old(OR=1.982,95%CI:1.363-2.882),senior high school or above(OR=1.457,95%CI:1.031-2.060)and exercise regularly(OR=1.885,95%CI:1.340-2.652),while negatively related to male(OR=0.650,95%CI:0.424-0.997)and dyslipidemia(OR=0.709,95%CI:0.503-0.999).The grain mode was positively related to age<60 years old(OR=1.724,95%CI:1.204-2.470)and diabetes(OR=1.521,95%CI:1.012-2.288).Conclusion Modern healthy mode could reduce the risk of dyslipidemia among middle aged and old people in old urban region of Guangzhou City and the grain mode could increase the risk of diabetes,so it is necessary to strengthen reasonable dietary health education for people with different dietary patterns to reduce the risk of chronic diseases.