六朝徐氏医学世家元明清传承考略

The Xu's medical family from the Northern and Southern dynasties in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties

始于南北朝徐熙的徐氏世医,被范行准称之为南北朝时门阀中的世医,其世系大多仅述及隋末唐初。今从地方志、墓志、史书及有关医学史料,考察徐氏医学世家元明时期传承情况。元代自徐月翁始,徐氏后人多为地方医官;明代,徐枢、徐彪、徐伟、徐文元累任太医院使、太医院院判,其中徐伟嘉靖年间曾官右通政掌太医院事,万历年间升至太仆寺卿,是徐氏家族在元明时期品级最高者。徐氏家族在元明两代呈现官医世家的现象,与元明两代的医户制度当有一定的关系。徐氏家族至清代仍有从医者,但不再担任医官之职。清代徐氏后裔有以科举入仕途者,其中徐士芬官至户部右侍郎。

The Xu's Medical Family,from the Northern and Southern Dynasties,was called an official family with medical background by Fan Xingzhun.Its genealogy was traced back to the end of the Sui Dynasty and the beginning of the Tang Dynasty.Based on the local chronicles,epitaphs,history books and relevant medical historical artifacts,this paper explores the development of the Xu's Medical Family in the Yuan and the Ming Dynasties.Most of the Xu's family members were appointed as medical officials locally after Xue Yueweng in the Yuan Dynasty.Xu Shu,Xu Biao,Xu Wei and Xu Wenyuan were appointed as Medical Ambassadors and the judges of Tai Yi Hospital in the Ming Dynasty.Xu Wei was appointed as the Right Tong Zheng in charge of the Tai Yi Hospital affairs in the period of Jia Jing,and promoted to the Chief of Taipu Department in the period of Wan Li in the Ming Dynasty.He was the highest-ranking official in the Xu's Medical Family in the Yuan and Ming dynasties.The Xu's Medical Family were a family of both officials and doctors,to some extent,related to the Yi-Hu System in both the Yuan and the Ming Dynasties.Some of the Xu's family members still took a career as a doctor,but did not serve as medical officers from the Qing Dynasty.Some of the Xu's decendants went into official careers via the Imperial Examination,such as Xu Shifen,as Deputy Minister of Hubu in the Qing Dynasty.