德国病毒学的早期研究和专业研究机构的创建

Early German research on virology and establishment of the specialised research institution

19世纪末,口蹄疫在欧洲迅速蔓延。1897年,德意志帝国政府派出科学家弗里德里希·勒夫勒和保罗·弗洛施共同研究口蹄疫,发现了口蹄疫病毒。1899年,勒夫勒在格赖夫斯·瓦尔德卫生研究所及城外的一个农场上进行实验研究。由于研究地址存在安全隐患,政府暂停了该研究。勒夫勒等经过3年筹备于1910年10月10日,在德国的里姆斯岛上建立了世界上第一个病毒学研究机构,迄今已有百年历史。这所最早的病毒学研究机构现已成为联邦动物健康研究中心,对人类研究人畜共患疾病具有重大意义。

Aftosa spread rapidly in Europe at the end of the 19th century.The German imperial government was concerned about it and appointed some scientists,such as Friedrich Loeffler and Paul Frosch,to do the research on it and they identified the virus of Aftosa in 1897.An experimental study was planned to be conducted by Friedrich Loeffler at the Greifswald Institute of Hygiene at a farm outside the city in 1899,but cancelled by the Government concerned about potential safety hazards in the research sites.After three years of preparation,the first virology research institution in the world was established by Friedrich Loeffler and others on Riems Island in Germany on October 10,1910.This old virology research institution has now become the Federal Animal Health Research Center,making significant contributions to human research on zoonotic diseases.