北京市朝阳区南部医联体贫血患者临床特征分析

Analysis of the clinical characteristics in patients with anemia in the southern medical treatment combination of Chaoyang District in Beijing

目的:探讨北京市朝阳区南部医联体贫血患者的临床特征。方法:收集2018年6月—2019年3月北京市朝阳区南部医联体15家医疗机构共12506例贫血患者的临床资料,按年龄、性别、科室分布情况进行回顾性分析。结果:女性贫血发病率高于男性,55~79岁组发病率最高。就诊科室主要分布在血液科、急诊科、呼吸科和发热门诊。男性与女性血红蛋白平均值比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);55~79岁组和≥80岁组的血红蛋白平均值均低于18~54岁组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。血液科患者血红蛋白平均值最低,其次是重症监护室(ICU)、肾内科,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。极重度贫血5例,分布在血液科、妇科、普外科及消化科。结论:55~79岁为贫血高发人群;女性发病率明显高于男性;年龄越大,贫血程度越重。贫血患者大部分合并其他系统疾病,仅很少一部分原发于血液系统疾病,且临床科室分布不一。

Objective:To investigatethe clinical characteristics of patients with anemia in southern medical treatment combination of Chaoyang District,Beijing.Methods:A total of 12506 patients with anemia in 15 medical institutions from January 2016 to October 2020 were selected,and they were analyzed retrospectively according to the conditions of age,gender and department distribution.Results:The incidence of anemia in women is higher than that in men,with the highest incidence in the 55~79 year-old group.Patients with anemiawere mainly distributed in department of haematology,department of emergency,department of respiratory medicine,department of fever clinic.There was a statistically significant difference in the mean hemoglobin between male and female(P<0.001).The hemoglobin concentration of both 55~79 years old group and≥80 years old group was statisfically lower than 18~54 years old group,there was significient difference(P<0.05).The hemoglobin concentration in hematology department was the lowest,followed in ICU and in nephrology department,with statistically significant differences(P<0.001).According to the degree of anemia,there were 5 cases of extremely severe anemia,mainly distributed in hematology department,gynecology department,general surgery department and gastroenterology department.Conclusion:Most of anemia patients are complicated with other systemic diseases,and only a small part of the primary blood system diseases,and the distribution of clinical departments are different.Physicians and general practitioners should pay high attention to patients of anemia.