云南野生火草纤维及其绒网的结构与性能

Structure and performances of Yunnan wild fireweed fiber and its fibrous network

火草是少数民族非物质文化遗产火草纺织技艺中的古老纺织原料,为了对火草纤维进行系统研究并实现在纺织领域的推广应用,选取云南野生火草,通过手工方式从其叶片背部剥离火草纤维绒网。通过实验表征了火草纤维及其绒网的基本结构和性能。结果表明:火草纤维直径在1.05~5.76μm之间,为超细纤维,其纵向形态为特征性的带状转曲,表面有褶纹沟槽,横截面呈不规则腰圆形带中腔结构;纤维主要成分为纤维素和半纤维素,结晶度为55.52%,具有较好的耐热性,热分解温度为240℃;纤维中脂蜡质含量为6%,与水的接触角约为129.5°,有较好的疏水能力,回潮率为11.69%,含水率为10.47%,与棉纤维相比较高;火草纤维常温下耐酸碱性好,纤维水萃取液的pH值为7.23,对人体皮肤友好。

The ancient fireweed textile technology for obtaining textile fibers is a cultural heritage of ethnic minorities.In order to study systematically the fiber and realize its popularization and application in the textile field,the basic structure and properties of wild fireweed fiber of Yunnan area and its network stripped from the back by hand were characterized by experiments.The studies show that the diameter of fireweed fiber is 1.05-5.76μm,and it belongs to microfiber category.The longitudinal morphology of the fiber is characteristic of banded curvature,with folds and grooves on the surface,and the cross section is irregular elliptic with a cavity structure.The main components of the fiber are cellulose and hemicellulose with crystallinity of 55.52%.The thermal decomposition temperature of the fiber is 240℃,which has a good heat resistance.The content of lipid and wax is 6%,and the wetting angle with water is about 129.5°with good water-repellent ability.The moisture regain rate of the fiber is 11.69%and the moisture containing capacity is 10.47%,which is higher than that of cotton.Fireweed fiber has good resistance to acid and alkali at normal temperature,and the pH value of fiber water extract is 7.23,which is friendly to human skin.