近5届冬奥会中国冰上项目竞技成绩分析研究

Analysis and Research on Competitive Performance of Chinese Ice Events in Recent Five Winter Olympic Games

以近5届冬奥会我国获奖牌运动员为研究对象,运用文献资料法、数理统计法等研究方法,对运动员的年龄及成绩进行分析。研究结果显示:(1)荷兰和加拿大是冰上“超级强国”,成绩比较稳定;而我国成绩也有明显上升趋势,逐渐在冰上项目中脱颖而出。(2)近5届冬奥会冰上项目共产生148枚金牌,而我国共获得15枚金牌,35枚奖牌,短道速滑是我国争金夺银最多的项目,冰球和冰壶是我国的弱势项目,亟待需要加强。(3)从运动员的年龄特征看,冰上项目男子和女子获奖牌运动员的年龄大多集中在25岁及以上,并且运动员年龄跨度较大,说明我国冬季项目后备人才实力较弱;从运动员的成绩特征看,我国短道速滑在近5届冬奥会中每个小项都曾获得过奖牌,速度滑冰和花样滑冰双人滑也多次获得奖牌,是冰上项目的夺金热点,我国“阴盛阳衰”的局面被打破。

Taking the Chinese athletes who won medals in the recent five Winter Olympics as the research objects,this paper analyzes the age and performance of athletes by using the methods of literature and mathematical statistics.The results show that:(1)The Netherlands and Canada are“superpowers”on ice,and their performance are relatively stable;China’s performance also has an obvious upward trend,and China gradually stands out in ice sports.(2)There were a total of 148 gold medals in the ice events in the recent five Winter Olympic Games,and China has won 15 gold medals,with most medals coming from the short skating.(3)From the age characteristics of athletes,the age of men’s and women’s medal winners in ice events is mostly 25 years old and above,and the age span of athletes is large,indicating that the talent pool of winter sports athletes in China is weak;From the performance characteristics of athletes,China’s short track speed skating has won medals in each minor event in the recent five Winter Olympics,and speed skating and figure skating double skating have also won medals for many times.