中国古代不同历史时期儒家体育思想特点探析

An Analysis of Confucian Sports Thoughts in Different Historical Periods in Ancient China

通过文献分析、逻辑推理、对比分析等研究方法,本文按照各个时代的历史顺序分别对先秦时代、秦汉魏晋南北朝隋唐时代、宋元明清时代的儒家主要代表思想进行具体的论述,最后对各个时期的具有代表性的儒家体育思想的特点进行总结概括。结论:先秦时期,主要有孔子以“礼仁”为核心,从尚武实践到全面发展的体育思想;以“礼义”为核心,从孔孟之道到荀子“形具而神生”的体育思想;“六艺”之教中以“乐、射、御”为核心所蕴含的体育思想。秦汉至隋唐时期,董仲舒从养义养气到天人合一的体育思想;刘氏父子以重视军事训练为核心的体育思想;桓谭尊重客观规律的体育思想。宋元明清时期,张载重视体育教育的思想;二程学说中“存天理,灭人欲”的体育思想;朱熹以养心健身为核心的体育思想。

By means of literature analysis, logical reasoning, comparative analysis and other research methods, in accordance with the historical order of each dynasties, the author discusses the main representative thoughts of Confucianism in the pre-Qin period, the Qin, Han, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Sui, Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties respectively, and finally discusses the representative thoughts of Confucian sports in each period. Conclusions: In the pre-Qin period, there were mainly Confucius’ sports thoughts with “Li and Ren” as the core, from martial practice to all-round development, from Confucius’ and Mencius’ ways to Xunzi’s Sports Thoughts of “form and spirit living”;and the sports thoughts contained in the teaching of “Six Arts” with “music, shooting and imperial” as the core. In Sui and Tang Dynasties, Dong Zhongshu’s sports thought from nourishing righteousness and nourishing qi to harmony between heaven and man;Liu’s and his sons’ sports thought taking military training as the core;Huantan’s sports thought respecting objective laws;In the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, Zhang Zai’s sports thought of attaching importance to physical education;Cheng’s sports thought of “preserving heaven and limiting people’s desire”;and Zhu Xi’s sports thought with the heart-nourishing and body-building as the core.