冬泳对中年人体成分及有氧能力影响的研究

Research on Effects of Winter Swimming on Body Composition and Aerobic Capacity of Middle-aged People

目的:本文旨在通过对冬泳爱好者身体成分的测量及最大摄氧量的测量,分析探讨冬泳对中年人体成分及有氧能力的影响。方法:将符合标准的40名实验对象随机分成两组,实验组和对照组各20人,两组受试者在身体状况方面均无差异。实验组进行为期四周的户外冬泳运动,对照组进行为期四周的户内室温游泳运动,两组训练时间相同,监测记录两组研究对象实验前后测试指标的变化情况。结果:四周实验干预后,实验组的体成分指标进行纵向比较,体重、体脂肪量、体脂百分比与实验前相比具有显著性差异(p<0.05);对照组各指标与实验前相比均无显著性差异(p>0.05);实验组与对照组四周干预后进行横向比较,体重、体脂肪量、体脂百分比相比具有显著性差异(p<0.05)。实验组最大摄氧量相关参数中的最大功率与实验前相比具有显著性差异(p<0.05);对照组与实验前相比无显著性差异(p>0.05);实验组与对照组四周干预后进行横向比较,最大功率相比具有显著性差异(p<0.05)。结论:长时间坚持冬泳锻炼,通过寒冷对机体的刺激,可以加快机体的新陈代谢,动员体内多余的脂肪,从而降低体重,同时可以提高有氧能力,对提高中年人的整体健康水平有积极意义。

This paper aims to analyze and discuss the influence of winter swimming on the body composition and aerobic capacity of middle-aged people by measuring the body composition and maximum oxygen uptake of winter swimming enthusiasts.Methods:40 subjects who met the standard were randomly divided into two groups,20 in the experimental group and 20 in the control group.There was no difference in physical condition between the two groups.The experimental group underwent outdoor winter swimming for four weeks,while the control group underwent indoor room temperature swimming for four weeks.The training time of the two groups was the same,and the changes of test indexes of the two groups were monitored and recorded before and after the experiment.Results:After four weeks of intervention,body composition indexes of the experimental group were compared longitudinally,body weight,body fat volume and body fat percentage had significant differences compared with those before the experiment(P<0.05);There were no significant differences in all indexes in control group compared with before experiment(P>0.05).There were significant differences in body weight,body fat volume and body fat percentage between the experimental group and the control group after four weeks of intervention(P<0.05).The maximum power in the parameters related to maximum oxygen uptake in the experimental group was significantly different from that before the experiment(P<0.05).There was no significant difference between control group and before experiment(P>0.05).There was significant difference in maximum power between the experimental group and the control group after four weeks of intervention(P<0.05).Conclusion:winter swimming exercise for a long time,through the stimulation of coldness to the body,can accelerate the metabolism of the body,mobilize the excess fat in the body,so as to reduce weight,and can also improve the aerobic capacity,with positive significance to improve the overall health level of middle-aged people.