青少年跳远运动员的生理与心理对成功率影响的机制

Mechanism of Physiological and Psychological Influence on Success Rate of Young Long Jump Athletes

成功地上板是取得有效成绩的前提,它受多方面因素的影响,而运动员作为执行动作的主体,其生理和心理势必对成功上板起着决定性的作用,因而厘清两者是如何影响成功率的机制,一定程度上有助于成功率的提高。本研究运用文献资料法、数理统计法、逻辑分析法,选取2020年广东“中国体育彩票”青少年田径锦标赛跳远决赛的运动员为研究对象,对各轮次和总成功率进行统计描述与分析,结果显示:1)广东青少年跳远第一轮的成功率较多低;2)前三轮成功率呈上升趋势,后三轮试跳成功率呈现无规律的波动,整体上波动幅度大,不稳定;3)总成功率呈现“反常态”的现象,男子不同年龄组别呈现出“凸型”,女子不同年龄组别呈现“倒阶梯形”。鉴于分析,提出结合跳远项目的特征与青少年的生理与心理的发展规律,抓住发展的敏感期,有针对性地进行训练。

The successful board is the premise to achieve effective results,which is affected by many factors.The athletes are the main body of the boarding action,so their physiological and psychological conditions are bound to play a decisive role in the success of the board.Therefore,to clarify the mechanism of how they affect the success rate,can help improve the success rate to a certain extent.This study selected long jump athletes participating in 2020“China sports lottery”youth athletics championships in Guangdong as the research object,to conduct analysis of each round and total success rate,using the methods of literature,mathematical statistics and logic analysis.The results showed:1)the first round of Guangdong teenagers’success rate is low;2)The success rate of the first three rounds showed an upward trend,while the success rate of the last three trial jumps fluctuated irregularly,with a large and unstable fluctuation range on the whole;3)The overall success rate presents an“abnormal”phenomenon,with“convex”pattern for men in different age groups and“inverted ladder”pattern for women in different age groups.In view of the analysis,it is proposed to combine the characteristics of the long jump sport with the development featues of teenagers’physiology and psychology,seize the sensitive period of development,and carry out the targeted training.