不同谷物类型日粮补充植物精油对肉鸡生长性能、肉品质及肠道健康的影响

Effects of plant essential oils supplementation in different grain types dietary on growth performance,meat quality and intestinal health of broilers

本研究开展了一个2×2多因素方差设计试验,旨在评估不同谷物类型日粮补充植物精油对肉鸡生长性能、肉品质及肠道健康的影响。试验将800只体重接近的1日龄肉鸡随机分为4组,每组8个重复,每个重复25只。T1和T2组肉鸡饲喂玉米型日粮+0和80 mg/kg植物精油,T3和T4组肉鸡饲喂小麦型日粮+0和80 mg/kg植物精油,试验为期42 d。结果:玉米型日粮组肉鸡的平均日采食量显著高于小麦型日粮组(P<0.05),但料重比显著提高(P<0.05)。无论日粮类型如何,补充80 mg/kg植物精油显著降了料重比(P<0.05),同时日粮类型和植物精油对料重比的影响具有显著交互作用(P<0.05)。玉米型日粮组肌肉的滴水损失较小麦型日粮组显著降低了10.44%(P<0.05),同时日粮添加80 mg/kg植物精油使肌肉的蒸煮损失显著降低了10.42%(P<0.05)。玉米型日粮组空肠绒毛高度与隐窝深度比值以及乳酸杆菌数量显著高于小麦型日粮组(P<0.05),但大肠杆菌数量显著低于小麦型日粮组(P<0.05)。无论日粮谷物类型如何,补充80 mg/kg植物精油显著降低了空肠大肠杆菌和乳酸杆菌数量(P<0.05),而绒毛高度与隐窝深度比值显著提高(P<0.05)。日粮谷物类型与植物精油对空肠乳酸杆菌数量的影响具有显著交互作用(P<0.05)。结论:小麦型日粮补充植物精油与否都会降低肉鸡的饲料效率,提高肌肉滴水损失。玉米型日粮补充植物精油可提高空肠绒毛高度与隐窝深度比值,降低大肠杆菌数量。

In this study,a 2×2 multivariate variance design experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of plant essential oils supplementation on growth performance,meat quality and intestinal health of broilers.A total of 8001-day broilers with similar body weight were randomly divided into 4 groups with 8 replicates per group and 25 broilers per replicate.Broilers in GROUPS T1 and T2 were fed with corn type diet+0 and 80 mg/kg essential oil,and broilers in groups T3 and T3 were fed with wheat type diet+0 and 80 mg/kg essential oil.The experiment lasted for 42 days.Results:The average daily feed intake of broilers in corn-type diet group was significantly higher than that in wheat-type diet group(P<0.05),but the ratio of feed to gain was significantly increased(P<0.05).Regardless of dietary type,the supplementation of 80 mg/kg plant essential oils significantly reduced the ratio of feed to gain(P<0.05),and there was a significant interaction between dietary type and plant essential oils on the ratio of feed to gain(P<0.05).The drip loss of muscle in corn type diet group was significantly decreased by 10.44%compared with that in wheat type diet group(P<0.05),and the cooking loss of muscle in the diet supplemented with 80 mg/kg plant essential oil was significantly decreased by 10.42%(P<0.05).The ratio of villus height to crypt depth and lactobacillus number in jejunum in corn-type diet group were significantly higher than those in wheat-type diet group(P<0.05),but the number of Escherichia coli was significantly lower than that in wheat-type diet group(P<0.05).Regardless of dietary cereal type,80 mg/kg essential oil supplementation significantly decreased the number of EScherichia coli and Lactobacillus in jejunum(P<0.05),while the ratio of villus height to crypt depth was significantly increased(P<0.05).There was a significant interaction between dietary cereal type and plant essential oil on the number of lactobacillus in jejunum(P<0.05).Conclusion:Wheat-type diets supplemented with plant essential oils or not can reduce feed efficiency and increase drip loss of broilers.Corn-type diet supplemented with plant essential oils could increase the ratio of villus height to crypt depth of jejunum and decrease the number of E.coli.