含植物雌激素相关中药研究进展

Research Progress of Phytoestrogen-Related Chinese Medicinals

植物雌激素主要存在于植物及其种子里,目前,含植物雌激素的中药按其功效分类主要包括:补虚药(主要有紫河车、阿胶、何首乌、淫羊藿、甘草、黄芪、人参、当归、补骨脂、石斛、仙茅、生熟地黄、杜仲、山药等),活血化瘀药(主要有丹参、川牛膝、红花、骨碎补、川芎等),清热药(主要有黄芩、地骨皮、射干、卷柏、石斛、茵陈、栀子、大黄等),解表药(主要有葛根、桂枝、柴胡等),利水渗湿药(主要有薏苡仁、虎杖等),温里药(主要有附子、肉桂等)等。植物雌激素可参与机体生殖内分泌、炎症、骨代谢、神经、心血管、肿瘤、泌尿道等多种生理功能,但其作用机理尚未完全明确,多数药物的分子机制研究尚处于单一通路的水平,多停留在细胞、动物水平,缺乏临床研究,且各类雌激素活性强度未知,暂不能作为临床激素用药指导,同时国内外文献均未明确指出该类药物的应用指针以及存在的风险及不良反应。今后,应加强对植物雌激素合理化、规范化应用的研究,将新技术、新方法不断应用到植物雌激素的研究中,为相关疾病治疗提供可靠的参考依据。

Phytoestrogen mainly exists in plants and their seeds.At present,Chinese medicinals containing phytoestrogen mainly include the following:Tonifying medicinals,such as Ziheche(Placenta Hominis),Ejiao(Colla Corii Asini),Heshouwu(Radix Polygoni Multiflori),Yinyanghuo(Herba Epimedii),Gancao(Radix Glycyrrhizae),Huangqi(Radix Scutellariae),Renshen(Radix Ginseng),Danggui(Radix Angelicae Sinensis),Buguzhi(Fructus Psoraleae),Shihu(Caulis Dendrobii),Xianmao(Rhizoma Curculiginis),Shengdihuang(Radix Rehmanniae),Shudihuang(Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata),Duzhong(Cortex Eucommiae),Shanshao(Rhizoma Dioscoreae),etc.Blood-activating and stasis-resolving medicinals,such as Danshen(Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae),Chuanniuxi(Radix Cyathulae),Honghua(Flos Carthami),Gusuibu(Rhizoma Drynariae),Chuanxiong(Rhizoma Chuanxiong),etc.;Heat-clearing medicinals,such as Huangqin(Radix Scutellariae),Digupi(Cortex Lycii),Shegan(Rhizoma Belamcandae),Juanbai(Herba Selaginellae),Shihu(Caulis Dendrobii),Yinchen(Herba Artemisiae Scopariae),Zhizi(Fructus Gardeniae),Dahuang(Radix et Rhizoma Rhei),etc.;Exterior-releasing medicinals,such as Gegen(Radix Puerariae Lobatae),Guizhi(Ramulus Cinnamomi),Chaihu(Radix Bupleuri),etc.;Dampness-draining medicinals,such as Yiyinren(Semen Coicis),Huzhang(Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati),etc.;Interior-warming medicinals,such as Fuzi(Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata),Rougui(Cortex Cinnamomi),etc.Phytoestrogens can participate in various physiological functions such as reproductive endocrine,inflammation,bone metabolism,nerve,cardiovascular,tumor and urinary tract,but themechanism of action has not been fully clarified.The molecular mechanism research of most drugs is still at the level of single pathway.The research mostly stays at the cellular and animal level,lacks clinical research,and the activity intensity of various estrogens is unknown,which cannot be used as the guidance of clinical hormone medication for the time being.At the same time,the application guidelines,risks and side effects of this kind of drugs have not been clearly pointed out in the literature at home and abroad.In the future,it is necessary to strengthen the research on the rational and standardized application of phytoestrogen,and constantly apply new technologies and methods to the research of phytoestrogen,so as to provide a perfect reference basis for the treatment of related diseases.