艾草和窃衣挥发物的提取鉴定及其对烟粉虱MED隐种成虫选择性的影响

Extraction and identification of volatiles from Artemisia argyi and Torilis scabra and their effects on preference of Bemisia tabaci MED(Hemiptera:Aleyrodidae)adults

【目的】在前期研究中,我们发现艾草Artemisia argyi和窃衣Torilis scabra都有吸引或驱避昆虫的作用。然而还未见有研究报道艾草和窃衣以及它们的挥发物对烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci MED隐种成虫的作用。本研究旨在检测能否利用艾草和窃衣及其挥发物对烟粉虱MED隐种成虫实施绿色防控。【方法】通过四臂嗅觉仪和Y型嗅觉仪分别测定烟粉虱MED隐种成虫对4种植物(番茄Solanum lycopersicum、艾草、窃衣、黄瓜Cucumis sativus)的选择性和对艾草和窃衣的嗅觉反应,并利用GC-MS对艾草和窃衣叶片中挥发物成分和相对含量进行鉴定分析,最后通过Y型嗅觉仪检测烟粉虱MED隐种成虫对艾草和窃衣叶片中主要挥发物的嗅觉反应。【结果】烟粉虱MED隐种成虫选择番茄和黄瓜的数量(分别为22头和21头)显著多于对艾草和窃衣的选择数量(分别为16头和9头);进一步测定烟粉虱MED隐种成虫对艾草和窃衣的选择性发现,烟粉虱MED隐种成虫对艾草选择数(60头)极显著多于对空白对照的选择数(22头),而对窃衣的选择数(22头)极显著少于对空白对照的选择数(55头)。GC-MS分析发现,艾草叶片中α-可巴烯(α-copaene)的含量最高,窃衣叶片中环己烯(cyclohexene)的含量最高。嗅觉反应试验表明,烟粉虱MED隐种成虫对1μg/Lα-可巴烯的选择数(60头)极显著多于对空白对照的选择数(24头),对1μg/L环己烯的选择数(20头)极显著少于对空白对照的选择数(62头)。【结论】艾草叶片挥发物对烟粉虱MED隐种成虫表现出较强的吸引性,窃衣叶片挥发物对烟粉虱MED隐种成虫表现出强烈的驱避性,因此可以利用挥发物加工成食诱剂或驱避剂对烟粉虱MED隐种成虫进行有效地防控。

【Aim】In the previous study,we found that both Artemisia argyi and Torilis scabra have attractive or repellent effects on insects.However,there are no reports on the effects of A.argyi and T.scabra and their volatiles on Bemisia tabaci MED adults.Therefore,this study aims to test whether A.argyi and T.scabra and their volatiles could be used for green prevention and control of B.tabaci MED adults.【Methods】The preference of B.tabaci MED adults to four plants including Solanum lycopersicum,A.argyi,T.scabra and Cucumis sativus and olfactory responses of B.tabaci MED adults to A.argyi and T.scabra were detected by four-arm olfactometer and Y-tube olfactometer,respectively,and the components and relative contents of volatiles in A.argyi and T.scabra leaves were identified and analyzed by GC-MS.Finally,the olfactory responses of B.tabaci MED adults to the main volatiles of A.argyi and T.scabra leaves were detected by Y-tube olfactometer.【Results】The numbers of B.tabaci MED adults preferring to S.lycopersicum and C.sativus(22 and 21,respectively)were significantly higher than those to A.argyi and T.scabra(16 and 9,respectively).Further determination of the selectivity of B.tabaci MED adults to A.argyi and T.scabra showed that the number of B.tabaci MED adults preferring to A.argyi(60)was extremely significantly higher than that to the blank control(22),while the number of B.tabaci MED adults preferring to T.scabra(22)was extremely significantly lower than that to the blank control(55).GC-MS analysis showed that theα-copaene content in A.argyi leaves was the highest,and the cyclohexene content in T.scabra leaves was the highest.Olfactory response tests indicated that the number of B.tabaci MED adults preferring toα-copaene(1μg/L)(60)was extremely significantly higher than that to the blank control(24),and the number of B.tabaci MED adults preferring to cyclohexene(1μg/L)(20)was extremely significantly lower than that to the blank control(62).【Conclusion】The volatiles of A.argyi leaves show strong attraction to B.tabaci MED adults,and the volatiles of T.scabra leaves show strong repellency to B.tabaci MED adults.Therefore,the volatiles of A.argyi and T.scabra leaves can be used as food attractant or repellent to control B.tabaci MED adults effectively.