供水管网中微/纳米塑料的赋存及污染特性

The abundance and contamination characteristics of micro/nano-plastics in drinking water distribution systems

微/纳米塑料具有分布广泛、粒径小、难降解、可吸附有毒物质等特性,其去除效果及对环境污染的现状尚不明晰,是当前研究热点和难点.本文从供水管网中微/纳米塑料的来源、分布规律及水质安全危害等角度,概述了全球范围内供水管网中微/纳米塑料的研究现状.结果表明,给水处理厂出厂水携带残留的微/纳米塑料颗粒进入供水管网,而塑料材质管道在水力、水质作用下(流速、机械磨损、消毒剂等)同样存在微/纳米塑料释放可能.微/纳米塑料自身的密度、电荷等固有特性影响了它在供水管网中的空间分布规律,且在饮用水输配过程中,微/纳米塑料可同有机物、微生物等物质反应,从而影响供水管网的水质安全.本文旨在提出未来的研究重点和方向,从而为进一步了解微/纳米塑料对饮用水安全的影响及如何控制其污染提供理论基础.

Micro/nano-plastics are becoming a research hotspot due to the characteristics of wide distribution, small particle size,difficulty in degradation, and can adsorb toxic substances, etc. However, the information on the status of environmental contamination and removal is rare. In this review, the research status of micro/nano-plastics in drinking water distribution systems(DWDS) was discussed, which was from the perspectives of the sources, migration characteristics and safety hazards of water quality.The results showed that residual micro/nano-plastics can be carried into DWDS by the effluent of water treatment plants. Besides,pipe material, flow velocity, mechanical wear and residual chlorine may affect the release of micro/nano-plastics. The spatial and temporal variation of micro/nano-plastics was affected by the inherent characteristics(e.g., density and charge) in DWDS. In the process of drinking water transmission and distribution, the water quality and safety of the DWDS has been considered that is relevant to the reaction between micro/nano-plastics with organics, microorganisms and other substances. Therefore, the review makes a prospect for the future research direction, in order to provide theory basis for further understanding of the impact of micro/nano-plastics on the drinking water safety, in addition to the control of micro/nano-plastics.