汽车门锁锁止机构棘轮棘爪磨损寿命可靠性研究

Wear Life and Reliability Study of Pawl and Ratchet in Vehicle Door Latch

在汽车门锁小型化、轻量化及电动开启/吸合新功能的发展趋势下,棘轮棘爪磨损成为新型汽车门锁主要失效形式。其磨损过程存在诸如载荷和温度变化等不可预测因素,磨损寿命难以解析求解。课题组提出了棘轮棘爪理想磨损过程假设,以正态分布生成试验数据,确定了汽车门锁磨损寿命与寿命可靠度之间的关联;仿真求解汽车门锁启闭过程棘轮棘爪接触力,结合Achard粘着磨损模型,推导平均磨损深度;以有效啮合距离2.1 mm为衡量磨损寿命可靠度判定指标,求解棘轮棘爪对应磨损寿命可靠度,构造了使用寿命与磨损寿命可靠度的关联曲线。研究结果表明:该方法不但可以预测磨损寿命,还可根据可靠度目标估算棘轮棘爪使用寿命。该方法为新型汽车门锁产品质量提升提供了参考。

The wear of ratchet and pawl has become the main failure form of new vehicle door latch under the development trend of miniaturization,lightweight and new function of electric opening/suction of vehicle door latch.There are unpredictable factors such as load and temperature change in its wear process,and the wear life is difficult to solve analytically.The hypothesis of ideal wear process of ratchet and pawl was proposed,and the test data were generated by normal distribution to determine the relationship between wear life and life reliability of the vehicle door latch.The contact force of ratchet and pawl in the opening and locking process of vehicle door latch was simulated and solved.Combined with Achard adhesive wear model,the average wear depth of ratchet and pawl was deduced.Taking the effective meshing distance of 2.1 mm as the judgment index to measure the reliability of wear life,the corresponding wear life reliability of ratchet and pawl was solved,and the correlation curve between service life and wear life reliability was constructed.The results show that the proposed method can not only predict the reliability of wear life,but also estimate the service life of ratchet and pawl according to the reliability target.This method provides a reference basis for the quality improvement and driving safety of new vehicle door latches.