新乡市249家企业工作场所职业病危害因素监测结果分析

Analysis on monitoring results of occupational hazards in workplaces of 249 enterprises in Xinxiang City

目的 掌握新乡市重点行业职业病危害现状,为新乡市职业卫生和职业病防治工作提供数据支持。方法 依据《新乡市2019年工作场所职业病危害因素监测工作方案》,2019年对新乡市12个县区存在职业病危害因素的249家企业进行主动监测,并查阅相关职业卫生管理档案及了解现场调查情况。结果 新乡市249家企业中,重点职业病危害因素分布主要集中在制造业和采矿业;接触职业病危害因素人数前3位的危害因素分别为噪声(8 268人)、锰(1 131人)、水泥尘(952人);工作场所职业病危害因素既往监测结果显示,岗位检测结果超标率前3位的危害因素分别为矽尘(13.64%)、噪声(12.25%)、煤尘(11.36%),工作场所检测结果超标率前3位的危害因素分别是噪声(13.77%)、矽尘(10.10%)、铅(5.56%);本次监测结果显示,岗位检测结果超标率前3位的危害因素分别为矽尘(50.82%)、噪声(26.19%)、铅(25.71%),工作场所检测结果超标率前3位的危害因素分别是噪声(43.61%)、矽尘(26.15%)、铅(23.08%);高风险用人单位数量前3位的职业病危害因素分别为噪声(17家)、矽尘(14家)、铅(6家)。结论 新乡市应将接触噪声、矽尘和铅的劳动者作为重点防控人群,噪声聋、矽肺和铅中毒作为新乡市重点防控的职业病种类。重点职业病监测和风险评估中要以涉及采矿业、制造业的企业,尤其是职业病危害暴露风险为高风险,股份有限公司和小型规模企业,应作为重点防控企业。

Objective To understand the current situation of occupational hazards in the key industries of Xinxiang City,provide data support for the work of occupational health and prevention and control of occupational diseases in the city.Methods According to the Work plan for monitoring of occupational hazards in workplaces in Xinxiang City in 2019,the active monitoring was conducted on 249 enterprises existed occupational hazards in 12 counties/districts of Xinxiang City.Meanwhile,the relevant occupational health management files had been surveyed and the on-site conditions were investigated.Results Among the 249 enterprises in Xinxiang City,the distribution of key occupational hazards was mainly in manufacturing and mining.The top three hazard factors with the most number of exposed workers were noise(8 268 people),manganese(1 131 people),and cement dust(952 people).The previous monitoring results of occupational hazards in workplaces showed that the top three hazard factors with the highest over-standard rate in the posts were silicon dust(13.64%),noise(12.25%) and coal dust(11.36%),while the top three hazard factors in workplaces were noise(13.77%),silicon dust(10.10%),and lead(5.56%).The results of current monitoring showed that the top three hazard factors with the highest over-standard rate in the posts were silicon dust(50.82%),noise(26.19%) and lead(25.71%).while the top three hazard factors in workplaces were noise(43.61%),silicon dust(26.15%) and lead(23.08%).The top three hazard factors of the high-risk enterprises were noise(17 enterprises),silicon dust(14 enterprises) and lead(6 enterprises).Conclusions The workers exposed to noise,dust and lead should be taken as the key population for prevention and control in Xinxiang City,and the noise deafness,silicosis and lead poisoning should be taken as the occupational diseases under key prevention and control.The key occupational disease monitoring and risk assessment should focus on the enterprises involving in mining and manufacturing,especially enterprises with high risk of occupational hazards exposure,joint stock limited companies and small-scale enterprises.