2017—2019年广西煤矿尘肺新确诊病例及现有煤矿主要岗位粉尘浓度分析

Analysis on newly confirmed cases of pneumoconiosis in Guangxi coal mines from 2017-2019 and dust concentration of main positions in existing coal mines

目的 分析广西煤矿尘肺新发病例及掘进、采煤岗位粉尘状况,为广西煤炭开采行业粉尘防治提供参考依据。方法 收集2017—2019年广西煤矿生产企业的新确诊尘肺病例及现有在生产的14家井下煤矿主要岗位(掘进、采煤)粉尘情况,对尘肺病例的类型、期别以及掘进、采煤岗位粉尘的分散度、游离二氧化硅浓度等进行分析。结果 广西煤炭开采行业新发尘肺病例以掘进和采煤为主(93.1%),3年间各岗位发病情况总体保持平稳,以煤工尘肺及Ⅰ期尘肺为主(P<0.05)。掘进和采煤岗位的粉尘粒径均为<5μm的部分占绝大多数,以呼吸性粉尘为主(P>0.05);掘进岗位的粉尘类型主要为煤尘和矽尘,而采煤岗位粉尘类型以煤尘为主(P<0.05);掘进和采煤岗位的呼吸性粉尘平均浓度分别为(3.66±2.16)和(3.40±1.75)mg/m^(3),浓度总体相近(P>0.05),掘进岗位粉尘超标率高于采煤岗位(P<0.05),2个岗位接触的煤尘浓度均大于矽尘浓度(P<0.05),但接触的煤尘超标率均低于矽尘(P<0.05)。结论 广西煤矿掘进和采煤岗位的粉尘浓度和超标率总体较高,整体对粉尘的控制水平不佳,应以掘进和采煤工作面为重点,通过采取完善防尘设施设备以及各类综合预防、控制措施,降低从业工人实际接触粉尘浓度及尘肺发病水平。

Objective To analyze the newly confirmed cases of pneumoconiosis in Guangxi coal mines,and the dust situation of tunneling and coal mining posts,and provide a reference for the prevention and control of dust in the coal mining industry in Guangxi.Methods The newly confirmed cases of pneumoconiosis in Guangxi coal mine production enterprises from 2017 to 2019 and the dust situation of the main posts(tunneling and coal mining) in 14 underground coal mines currently in production were collected,and the types and stages of pneumoconiosis cases,as well as the dust dispersion and free silica concentration of the tunneling and coal mining posts were analyzed.Results The newly confirmed cases of pneumoconiosis in the coal mining industry in Guangxi were mainly due to tunneling and coal mining(93.1%).The incidence of all positions remained at a relatively stable level during the three years.Most of cases were coal worker’s pneumoconiosis and stage Ⅰ pneumoconiosis.The dust particles with size<5 μm accounted for the vast majority in tunneling and coal mining posts,which were mainly respirable dust(P>0.05).The dust types of tunneling post were mainly coal dust and silica dust,while the type of coal mining post was mainly coal dust(P<0.05).The average concentration of respirable dust at the tunneling and coal mining posts was(3.66±2.16) and(3.40±1.75) mg/m^(3),and the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05).The dust exceeding rate of the tunneling post was higher than that of the coal mining post(P<0.05).The coal dust concentrations of the two posts were greater than the concentrations of silica dust(P<0.05),but the exceeding rate of coal dust was lower than that of silicon dust(P<0.05).Conclusion In Guangxi coal mines,the dust concentration and the exceeding rate of tunneling and coal mining posts are generally high,and the overall level of dust control is not good,and it is necessary to focus on the tunneling and coal mining face,adopt the improvement of dust prevention facilities and equipment and other comprehensive prevention measures,so as to reduce the actual exposure of workers to dust and the incidence of pneumoconiosis.