柳州市某钢铁企业噪声对作业工人健康损害的情况分析

Analysis on health damage of workers caused by noise in an iron and steel enterprise of Liuzhou City

目的 分析柳州市某钢铁企业噪声作业工人健康损害情况及听力损失影响因素,为企业科学开展噪声监管工作提供参考依据。方法 收集2020年柳州市某钢铁企业接触噪声危害的工人在岗期间职业健康检查信息,并对数据进行分析。结果 3 646名工人中,检出听力损失者1 207例(33.1%),心电图异常者1 516例(41.6%),血压偏高者393例(10.8%)。不同系统间听力损失检出率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),轧材系统组检出率最低,工程维保公司组检出率最高;接触不同职业危害因素的工人听力损失检出率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),接触噪声高温者检出率最高,噪声粉尘次之,同时接触多种职业病危害因素会加大噪声对工人听力的影响。男性更容易发生听力损失(P<0.01);随着接害工龄的增长,听力损失的风险也在增加(P<0.01);辅助系统工人发生听力损失的风险是冶炼系统的1.779倍[OR(95%CI)=1.779(1.416~2.236)],工程维保公司工人发生听力损失的风险是冶炼系统的2.595倍[OR(95%CI)=2.595(1.962~3.431)]。结论 长时间接触噪声及同时接触多种职业危害因素是导致工人听力下降的原因,长期接触噪声对心血管系统会产生一定影响。该钢铁企业应加强工人个人防护,减少接触时间以降低噪声对工人的危害;要加强辅助系统以及工程维保公司工人的听力保护,特别是要做好对工程维保公司工人的培训、教育以及职业防护保障。

Objective To analyze the health damage and the influencing factors of hearing damage of noise-exposed workers in an iron and steel enterprise of Liuzhou City,provide scientific basis for enterprises to carry out noise supervision.Methods The occupational health examination information of workers exposed to noise hazards in an iron and steel enterprise of Liuzhou City in2020 was collected,and the data were analyzed.Results Among 3 646 workers,1 207(33.1%) had hearing impairment,1 516(41.6%)had abnormal electrocardiogram,and 393(10.8%) had high blood pressure.There was statistically significant difference in the detection rate of hearing loss among different systems(P<0.01),the detection rate of rolling system group was the lowest,and that of engineering maintenance company group was the highest.There was statistically significant difference in the detection rate of hearing loss among workers exposed to different occupational hazard factors(P<0.01).The highest detection rate was found in those exposed to noise and high temperature,followed by noise and dust.Exposure to multiple occupational hazard factors at the same time would increase the impact of noise on hearing.Males were more likely to have hearing impairment(P<0.01).The risk of hearing loss increased with the increase of length of service(P<0.01).The risk of hearing loss in auxiliary system workers was1.779 times that in smelting system[OR(95%CI)=1.779(1.416-2.236)],and that in engineering maintenance company workers was2.595 times that in smelting system[OR(95%CI) =2.595(1.962-3.431)].Conclusions Long-term exposure to noise and multiple occupational hazard factors at the same time is the cause of hearing loss of workers,and long-term exposure to noise will have a certain effect on the cardiovascular system.The iron and steel enterprise should strengthen the personal protection of workers,decrease the exposure time to reduce the harm of noise to workers,strengthen the hearing protection of workers in auxiliary system and engineering maintenance company,especially to improve the training,education and occupational protection for workers in engineering maintenance company.