菏泽市某高校大学生营养知晓及饮食生活方式的性别差异现状

Gender differences in nutrition awareness and dietary lifestyle among students from a college in Heze City

目的 了解菏泽市某高校大学生基本营养知识掌握情况及饮食运动等生活方式,分析其在不同性别之间存在的差异。方法 2021年5—7月采用随机整群抽样方法抽取菏泽市1 652名在校大学生进行问卷调查,主要内容为基本情况、基本营养知识掌握情况、饮食生活方式及荷兰人饮食行为量表(dutch eating behavior questionnaire,DEBQ)。结果 菏泽市某高校大学生对基础营养知识题目的掌握情况良好,平均正确率为60.60%,女生的掌握情况明显优于男生(P<0.01);饮食习惯方面,46.85%的大学生表示每日3餐时间不规律,其中男女间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);作息方面,20.88%的学生在晚上12点之后入睡,男生超过12点入睡的比例明显高于女生(P<0.01);55.15%的学生可以在早上7点之前起床,女生早上7点起床的比例明显高于男生(P<0.01);65.38%的学生每周参加体育运动的次数<4次,56.36%的学生每次运动的时长<0.5 h,男生锻炼身体的频率及时长明显高于女生(均P<0.01);51.03%的学生每日久坐时间≥4 h,女生久坐≥4 h的比例明显高于男生(P<0.01);DEBQ得分中,女生的限制性进食和外因性进食得分均高于男生,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01);女生的情绪性进食得分虽然也高于男生,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 菏泽市某高校大学生对营养知识的掌握不够全面,不同性别的饮食生活方式存在差异。我国目前仍需在大学生中普及更全面的营养知识及健康的饮食生活方式,倡导大学生养成规律良好的作息习惯和加强大学生体育运动,并积极开展科学的饮食及生活健康教育。

Objective To understand the awareness status of basic nutritional knowledge and diet,exercise and other lifestyle in students from a college in Heze City,analyze the differences between different genders.Methods From May to July 2021,a random cluster sampling method was used to select 1 652 college students in Heze City to conduct a questionnaire survey of basic information,basic nutritional knowledge,diet and lifestyle,and the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire(DEBQ).Results Students from a college in Heze City had a good grasp of basic nutrition knowledge topics,with an average correct rate of 60.60%.Girls’ mastery was significantly better than that of boys(P<0.01).In terms of eating habits,46.85% of college students said that their three meals a day were irregular,and the difference between girls and boys was not statistically significant(P>0.05).In terms of work and rest,20.88% of students fell asleep after 12 o’clock in the evening,and the proportion of boys falling asleep after 12o’clock was significantly higher than that of girls(P<0.01).55.15% of students can get up before 7:00 in the morning,and the proportion of girls who wake up at 7:00 in the morning was significantly higher than that of boys(P<0.01).65.38% of students participated in sports less than four times a week,56.36% of the students exercised for less than 0.5 hours,and the frequency and duration of exercise for boys were significantly higher than those for girls(both P<0.01).51.03% of students sat for more than four hours a day,and the proportion of girls who sat for more than four hours was significantly higher than that of boys(P<0.01).In the scores of the DEBQ,the scores of restricted eating and extrinsic eating in girls were higher than those of boys,and the differences were statistically significant(both P<0.01).Although the score of emotional eating in girls was higher than that of boys,the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05).Conclusions Students from a college in Heze City have insufficient knowledge of nutrition,and there are differences in dietary lifestyles between different genders.In China,it is necessary to popularize more comprehensive nutrition knowledge and healthy eating lifestyle among college students,encourage college students to develop regular and good work and rest habits,strengthen college students’ sports,and actively carry out scientific diet and life health education.