社交焦虑大学生对情绪面孔注意偏向的眼动研究

Eye-tracking research on the attentional bias of emotional faces in college students with social anxiety

目的 使用眼动追踪技术探讨社交焦虑大学生对情绪面孔的注意偏向及具体成分的时间进程特点。方法 2020年11月—2021年4月,使用简明版惧怕否定评价量表筛选广州医科大学16名高社交焦虑和18名低社交焦虑在校大学生,以成对的情绪面孔图片(正性-中性、负性-中性、负性-正性)为实验材料进行点探测实验。结果 在正性-中性、负性-中性情绪面孔配对条件下,高社交焦虑组对负性情绪面孔存在早期加速探测以及总体的注意维持(t=4.239、2.214,均P<0.05),其首视点潜伏期偏向分数为(-55.261±52.151)ms,总注视时间偏向分数为(0.531±0.055)%,但在早期未发现注意维持(P>0.05);对正性情绪面孔存在早期加速探测(t=2.575,P<0.05),其首视点潜伏期偏向分数为(-32.811±50.974)ms,但未发现注意维持或回避(P>0.05)。在负性-正性情绪面孔配对条件下,高社交焦虑组对负性情绪面孔存在早期以及持续至晚期的注意维持(t=2.734、2.412,均P<0.05),其首视点注视时间偏向分数为(23.507±34.389)ms,总注视时间偏向分数为(0.535±0.059)%,但在早期未发现注意加速探测(P>0.05)。结论 在正性-中性、负性-中性情绪面孔配对条件下,高社交焦虑个体对负性情绪面孔表现出警觉-维持的注意偏向,对正性情绪面孔表现出早期警觉的注意偏向;在负性-正性情绪面孔配对条件下,高社交焦虑个体对负性情绪面孔表现出注意脱离困难的注意偏向。

Objective Using eye movement tracking technology,to investigate the attentional bias of emotional faces and the temporal characteristics of specific components in college students with social anxiety.Methods From November 2020 to April2021,16 students with high social anxiety and 18 students with low social anxiety in Guangzhou Medical University were selected by the Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale.Dot-probe experiments were carried out with pairs of emotional face pictures(positive neutral,negative neutral,negative positive) as experimental materials.Results Under the condition of positive-neutral and negative-neutral emotional face pairing,individuals with high social anxiety showed early accelerated detection(t=4.239,P<0.05)and overall attentional maintenance of negative emotional face(t=2.214,P<0.05),whose first fixation latency bias score was(-55.261±52.151)ms,and overall gaze duration bias score was(0.531±0.055)%,while no attentional maintenance was found in the early stage(P>0.05).And there were early accelerated detection of positive emotional faces(t=2.575,P<0.05),whose first fixation latency bias score was(-32.811±50.974)ms,but no attentional maintenance or avoidance were found(both P>0.05).Under the condition of negative-positive emotional face pairing,individuals with high social anxiety maintained attention to negative emotional faces from the early to the late stage(t=2.734,2.412,both P<0.05),whose first fixation latency bias score was(23.507±34.389)ms and overall gaze duration bias score was(0.535±0.059)%,but no attentional acceleration detection was found in the early stage(P>0.05).Conclusion Under the condition of positive-neutral and negative-neutral emotional face pairing,individuals with high social anxiety show vigilance to maintenance of attentional bias towards negative emotional face.We observe early alertness for positive emotional faces.Under the condition of negative-positive emotional face pairing,individuals with high social anxiety have difficulty in attention disengagement of attentional bias towards faces with negative emotions.