2020年凉山州美姑县彝族中小学生龋患现状调查

Survey on status of caries among Yi nationality students in primary and middle schools in Meigu County of Liangshan Prefecture in 2020

目的 了解凉山州彝族聚居地区中小学生口腔健康状况,为制定切合当地实际的龋齿防治等口腔健康促进政策和措施提供依据,提升彝族青少年生长发育速度和水平。方法 采用多阶段分层整群抽样的方法抽取调查样本,于 2020 年 11月,对凉山彝族自治州美姑县县城关小学和美姑中学的彝族中小学生进行现场调查,由专业医师采用口腔健康检查的方法收集中小学生龋患数据,采用龋失补率及其构成比、龋均等指标分别描述乳牙和恒牙龋齿患病人群覆盖和严重程度。结果共调查 8~17 岁中小学生 1 072 名,中小学生乳牙龋失补率为 31.53%,其中,小学生乳龋失补率为 62.64%,年级差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=484.18,P<0.01);彝族中小学生恒牙龋失补率为 63.71%,初中生恒牙龋失补率为 69.07%、高中生为 69.55%,年级差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=14.32,P<0.01);彝族中小学生乳龋均为 1.07,年级差异有统计学意义(F=223.47,P<0.01);彝族中小学生恒龋均为 1.49,年级差异有统计学意义(F=18.71,P<0.01)。结论 2020 年美姑彝族中小学生龋患率明显高于国内研究水平,当地中小学生不但受龋患影响的覆盖面较广,且龋患严重程度也较为突出。凉山州彝族聚居县区应重点开展中小学生龋患的筛查,对筛查出龋患学生实施针对性的干预服务,尤其应当将龋齿防治服务关口前移,从小学低年级介入,重点针对小学高年级和初中阶段学生。

Objective To understand the oral health status of primary and secondary school students in Liangshan Prefecture inhabited by Yi nationality,provide a basis for formulating oral health promotion policies and measures such as dental caries prevention and treatment in accordance with local conditions,so as to improve the speed and level of growth and development of Yi nationality adolescents.Methods A multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method was adopted to obtain survey samples.In November 2020,an on-site survey was performed among Yi nationality students in Meigu County Primary School and Meigu Secondary School of Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture.The oral health examinations by professional physicians were used to collect dental caries data of primary and secondary school students.The rate of decayed-missing-filled teeth and its composition ratio,the mean of decayed-missing-filled teeth were used to describe the coverage and severity of dental caries of deciduous teeth and permanent teeth respectively.Results A total of 1 072 primary and middle school students aged 8-17 years old were investigated,and the rate of decayed-missing-filled teeth of deciduous teeth in primary and secondary school students was 31.53%.The rate of decayed-missing-filled teeth of deciduous teeth in primary school students was 62.64%,and there was statistically significant difference among grades(χ^(2)=484.18,P<0.01).The rate of decayed-missing-filled teeth of permanent teeth in primary and secondary school students was 63.71%.The rate of decayed-missing-filled teeth of permanent teeth in junior high school students and senior high school students was 69.07% and 69.55% respectively,and there was statistically significant difference among grades(χ^(2)=14.32,P<0.01).The mean decayed-missing-filled teeth of deciduous teeth in Yi nationality primary and middle school students was 1.07,and there was statistically significant difference among grades (F=223.47,P<0.01).The mean decayed-missingfilled teeth of permanent teeth in Yi nationality primary and middle school students was 1.49,and there was statistically significant difference among grades(F=18.71,P<0.01).Conclusions In 2020,the prevalence of dental caries among Yi nationality primary and secondary school students in Meigu County is significantly higher than the domestic research level in 2020,the local primary and secondary school students not only have a wider coverage affected by dental caries,but also the severity of dental caries is more prominent.It is necessary to carry out the the screening for caries among primary and secondary school students in counties and districts inhabited by the Yi ethnic minority in Liangshan Prefecture,implement targeted intervention services for students who have been screened for caries,especially move forward the service gateway for caries prevention and treatment,which start with the lower grades of primary school,and focus on the students in upper primary school and middle school.