护士替代性创伤的研究进展

Research progress on vicarious traumatization of nurses

良好的心理健康素质是护士高质量完成工作的重要基础之一。在临床护理工作中,因患者病情复杂多变、意外事件多发、经历患者死亡及长时间超时工作等因素影响,护士长时间暴露于较大压力中,经历替代性创伤(vicarious traumatization,VT)的可能性日益增加。VT影响护士的身心健康,导致抑郁、恐惧、身体疲劳及睡眠障碍等,同时还影响其工作完成度及质量。但目前VT尚未引起广泛关注,且研究多为现状研究,干预性研究较少。我们对VT的概念、测评工具和影响因素进行综述,并介绍认知行为疗法、情绪调节、创伤相关培训、个人及组织干预等干预措施,为进一步提升我国本土化VT研究,VT的预防和干预提供参考。

Good mental health quality is one of the important bases for nurses to complete their work with high quality.In clinical nursing work,due to the influence of factors such as patients’ complicated and changing conditions,frequent accidents,experiencing patients’ death,working overtime for a long time,the nurse is exposed to greater pressure for a long time,and the possibility of experiencing vicarious traumatization(VT) is increasing.VT affects the physical and mental health of nurses,causing depression,fear,physical fatigue,sleep disorders and other symptoms,and also affects the completion and quality of their work.However,VT has not attracted extensive attention,and most of the studies are current status studies,with few interventional studies.We summarize the concept,evaluation tools,and influencing factors of VT,and introduce intervention measures such as cognitive behavioral therapy,emotion regulation,trauma-related training,and individual and organizational intervention,so as to further enhance the localization of VT research in China,and provide reference for the prevention and intervention of VT.