2016—2020年三亚地区围生儿出生缺陷情况分析

An analysis of perinatal infants birth defects in Sanya area from 2016 to 2020

目的 了解2016—2020年近5年来三亚地区围生儿出生缺陷变化趋势,为制定及完善该地区出生缺陷预防对策、降低出生缺陷率和提高人口素质提供科学依据。方法 对2016—2020年近5年来在上海儿童医学中心三亚市妇女儿童医院分娩的围生儿临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 2016—2020年近5年来在上海儿童医学中心三亚市妇女儿童医院分娩并来自三亚地区的围生儿共71302例,其中缺陷儿738例,围生儿出生缺陷率10.35‰(738/71302),且各年度出生缺陷发生率呈上升趋势(χ2=29.277,P<0.01),是导致围生儿夭折的首要原因。男性围生儿出生缺陷发生率高于女性(χ2=22.147,P<0.01),城市围生儿出生缺陷发生率高于农村(χ2=31.698,P<0.01)。产妇年龄≤20岁、21~25岁、26~30岁、31~34岁及≥35岁所出生围生儿出生缺陷发生率分别为9.65‰、9.36‰、10.41‰、10.66‰及11.81‰,其中年龄≥35岁产妇更易发生围生儿出生缺陷,并且呈现逐年上升趋势。各年度出生缺陷顺位基本一致,并以先天性心脏病、唇腭裂、多指(趾)、先天性脑积水、并指(趾)、外耳其他畸形、马蹄内翻足等为常见缺陷类型。结论 近5年来三亚地区围生儿出生缺陷发生率总体呈递增态势,且随着“三胎”政策放开、高龄产妇增加,应加强产前筛查与诊断工作,进而提高出生缺陷发现能力,最终实现降低出生缺陷率、提高人口素质的目的。

Objective To understand the change trend of perinatal infants birth defects in Sanya area in the past five years from 2016 to 2020,and to provide scientific basis for formulating and improving the prevention measures of birth defects in this area to reduce the rate of birth defects and improve the quality of the population.Methods The clinical data of perinatal infants babies delivered in Shanghai Children’s Medical Center Sanya City A Womenfolk A Children’s Hospital from 2016 to 2020 were analyzed retrospectively.Results From 2016 to 2020,a total of 71302 perinatal infants were delivered in Shanghai Children’s Medical Center Sanya City A Womenfolk A Children’s Hospital,among which 738 were with birth defects.The rate of perinatal infants birth defects was 10.35(738/71302),and the incidence of birth defects showed an increasing trend(χ2=29.277,P<0.01).It is the leading cause of perinatal infants mortality.The incidence of birth defects in male perinatal infants was higher than that in female(χ2=22.147,P<0.01),and the incidence of perinatal infants birth defects in urban areas was higher than that in rural areas(χ2=31.698,P<0.01).The incidence of perinatal infants birth defects in women aged 20years,21 to 25 years,26 to 30 years,31 to 34 years and 35 years was 9.65‰,9.36‰,10.41‰,10.66‰ and 11.81‰,respectively.The incidence of perinatal infants birth defects in women aged 35 years was more likely to occur,and showed an increasing trend year by year.Meanwhile,the birth defects were basically the same in each year,and the common defects were congenital heart disease,cleft lip and palate,multiple fingers(toes),congenital hydrocephalus,and external ear of fingers(toes)and other malformations,such as horseshoes and varus.Conclusion In the past five years,the incidence of perinatal infants birth defects in Sanya has been on an increasing trend.As the third-child policy is fully open to the elderly women,prenatal screening and diagnosis should be strengthened so as to improve the ability to detect birth defects,and ultimately reduce the rate of birth defects and improve the quality of the population.