Fe-Ga磁致伸缩合金力学性能强化研究进展

Research progress on mechanical properties strengthening of Fe-Ga magnetostrictive alloy

Fe-Ga磁致伸缩合金作为重要的磁驱动智能材料之一,不仅在低磁场条件下具有较高磁致伸缩应变的功能材料特性,同时还具有较高力学强度的结构材料特性,结构功能一体化特征明显,存在广泛的研究价值和应用前景。国内外学者围绕该材料的磁致伸缩性能、力学性能优化开展了大量研究工作。其中,通过在Fe-Ga合金中添加元素来调控力学性能和磁致伸缩性能是一种可行的方法,并初步获得了一系列结构功能一体化的Fe-Ga磁致伸缩合金。以材料的强韧化机制为重点,阐述了Fe-Ga磁致伸缩合金力学性能强化的研究进展,综述了元素添加所引起的固溶强化、第二相强化、细晶强化等强韧化机制对Fe-Ga合金力学性能、磁致伸缩性能的影响。相关研究表明,在Fe-Ga合金中添加的Al、Nb、Mo、V、Co、Mn、Cr、C等元素均可固溶于合金基体,合金的强韧化机制以固溶强化效应为主;而在合金中添加NbC、TaC等碳化物或Tb、Dy、Y、B等元素时,这些添加物在合金基体中固溶度较小,合金的强韧化机制以第二相强化和细晶强化效应为主。其中,添加适量Co、Al、C、B、NbC、TaC、Tb、Dy、Y均有可能实现力学性能、磁致伸缩性能的综合优化。最后,结合国内外学者对Fe-Ga磁致伸缩合金的最新研究成果,对下一步研究进行了展望。

Fe-Ga magnetostrictive alloy is one of important magnetically driven smart materials,it has not only the characteristics of functional material with high magnetostrictive strain under low magnetic field,but also the characteristics of structural material with high mechanical strength.The integration of structure and function is obvious,which has extensive research value and application prospect.A large amount of researche has been carried out on the control of its magnetostrictive properties and mechanical properties.Among them,it is feasible to control mechanical properties and magnetostrictive properties by adding elements into Fe-Ga alloy,and a series of Fe-Ga magnetostrictive alloys with integrated structure and function have been preliminarily obtained.Focused on the strengthening and toughening mechanism,the research progress of mechanical properties strengthening of Fe-Ga magnetostrictive alloy is described.The effects of strengthening and toughening mechanism caused by element addition,such as solid solution strengthening,second phase strengthening and fine grain strengthening,on mechanical properties and magnetostriction properties of Fe-Ga alloy are reviewed.The results have shown that the addition of Al,Nb,Mo,V,Co,Mn,Cr,C and other elements in Fe-Ga alloy matrix has a high solid solubility,and the strengthening and toughening mechanism of the alloy is mainly by solution strengthening effect.However,the addition of carbides such as NbC and TaC or elements such as Tb,Dy,Y and B in Fe-Ga alloy matrix has a low solid solubility,and the strengthening and toughening mechanism of the alloy is mainly the second phase strengthening and fine grain strengthening effect.Among them,the appropriate addition of Co,Al,C,B,NbC,TaC,Tb,Dy,Y is possible to rea lize the simultaneous optimization of mechanical properties and magnetostrictive properties.Finally,combined with the latest researchresults of domestic and foreign scholars on Fe-Ga magnetostrictive alloy,the future research is prospected.