青少年身体自尊、社交焦虑与性心理健康的关系研究

Study on relationship between physical self-esteem,social anxiety and sexual mental health of adolescents

目的 了解四川省阿坝康定中学青少年身体自尊、社交焦虑与性心理健康现状及其关系,为开展少数民族地区青少年性心理健康教育提供参考依据。方法 2020年1—6月采用整群抽样法抽取四川省阿坝康定中学422名初中生,采用身体自尊量表、青少年社交焦虑量表、青春期性心理健康问卷进行问卷调查,并对数据进行分析。结果 不同性别青少年害怕负面评价、陌生情境回避维度得分比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01),女生得分[(14.53±6.03)、(7.97±3.40)分]均高于男生[(12.95±5.78)、(7.10±3.17)分]。汉族青少年性心理健康性知识维度得分[(12.20±5.16)分]高于藏族青少年[(10.70±4.51)分],差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。身体自尊与性心理健康呈正相关,与社交焦虑呈负相关,社交焦虑与性心理健康呈负相关(r=0.115、-0.117、-0.348,均P<0.05)。结论 四川省阿坝康定中学青少年性心理健康教育有待增强,身体自尊、社交焦虑与性心理健康之间呈显著相关,提升青少年性心理健康水平势在必行。

Objective To understand the status of physical self-esteem,social anxiety and sexual mental health of adolescents in Aba Kangding Middle School of Sichuan Province,explore their relationship,and provide evidence for carrying out sexual mental health education for adolescents in minority areas.Methods From January to June 2020,422 junior high school students in Sichuan Aba Kangding Middle School were surveyed by the cluster sampling.The questionnaire investigation was performed by the physical self-esteem scale,adolescent social anxiety scale and adolescent mental health questionnaire,and the data were analyzed.Results There were statistically significant differences in the scores on the dimensions of fear of negative evaluation and unfamiliar situation avoidance between gender groups(both P<0.01),which the scores[(14.53±6.03),(7.97±3.40)points] in girls were higher than those in boys [(12.95 ±5.78),(7.10 ±3.17)points].The score of sexual knowledge dimension in sexual mental health among Han adolescents [(12.20 ±5.16)points] was higher than that in Tibetan adolescents[(10.70±4.51)points],and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.01).The physical self-esteem was positively correlated with sexual mental health,and negatively correlated with social anxiety,while the social anxiety was negatively correlated with sexual mental health(r=0.115,-0.117,-0.348,all P<0.05).Conclusion The sexual mental health education among adolescents in Aba Kangding Middle School of Sichuan Province should be strengthened,physical self-esteem and social anxiety are significantly correlated with sexual mental health,and it is imperative to improve the level of adolescent sexual mental health.