虚假诉讼罪问题再探析

The re-analysis on the Crime of false litigation

对虚假诉讼罪的研究进入了制度性瓶颈,法益关系辨析、“部分篡改”行为的处理及“提起民事诉讼”的界定是本罪规范化适用的三大拦路虎,必须对本罪展开针对性探析,如此方能打破瓶颈、扫清拦路虎。首先,应明确“司法秩序”与“他人合法权益”的递进关系,并以此调整《刑法》第三百零七条之一的规定,实现虚假诉讼罪的内外部协调;其次,“部分篡改”行为需区分“质”的篡改和“量”的篡改,前者应按“无中生有”行为处理,后者还需按可分之诉和不可分之诉,进行类型化处理;最后,“提起民事诉讼”,需结合《民诉法解释》和最高人民法院、最高人民检察院、公安部、司法部引发的《关于进一步加强虚假诉讼犯罪惩治工作的意见》的规定进行法教义学解读,合理界定范围。

The research on the crime of false litigation has entered the institutional bottleneck.The discrimina⁃tion of legal interest relationship,the treatment of"partial tampering"and the scope of"Filing civil litigation"are the three obstacles to the correct application of this crime.We must carry out targeted analysis,so as to break the bottleneck,clear the obstacles.First of all,we should clarify the progressive relationship between"judicial order"and"the legitimate rights and interests of others",so as to reform the provisions of article 307-1 of the criminal law and realize the internal and external coordination of the crime of false litigation;Secondly,"partial tampering"needs to distinguish between"qualitative"tampering and"quantitative"tampering.The former should be treated as"something out of nothing",and the latter also needs to be treated as separable litigation and inseparable litigation;Finally,"bringing a civil lawsuit"needs to be interpreted in terms of legal doctrine and reasonably defined in combi⁃nation with the provisions of the civil procedure law and the opinions of the Supreme People's court,the Supreme People's Procuratorate,the Ministry of public security and the Ministry of justice on Further Strengthening the punish⁃ment of false litigation crimes.