青少年近视相关环境因素的研究进展

Research progress on environmental factors related to myopia in adolescents

近视已成为世界范围内重要眼健康问题,仅从遗传因素入手不能完全解释近视患病率的迅速增加。本文从自然、生活、社会和家庭4个方面综述了近视的相关环境因素,自然环境中的光照时间、强度与光照类型,昼夜节律以及空气质量,均会对近视产生不同影响;生活环境中户外活动时间少,近距离工作和观看屏幕时间长,都是加剧近视的重要因素;教育与移民等社会环境因素均是影响近视的重要原因;父母对近视的态度和家庭经济状况等家庭环境因素也与近视的发生发展有着密切联系。从上述环境因素进行综述,为进一步探究近视发生发展机制及防治策略提供参考。

Myopia has become an important eye health problem worldwide,and genetic factors alone cannot explain the rapid increase of myopia.This paper summarizes the factors of environmental myopia from the four aspects of natural environment,living condition,society and family environment.The illumination time,illumination intensity and light type,circadian rhythm and air quality of natural environment all have different influences on myopia.There are inadequate outdoor activities,near work and prolonged screen-watching time,are important factors in exacerbating myopia.Social environmental factors such as education and immigration are important causes of myopia.In addition,family factors such as attitude of parents toward myopia and financial condition are also closely related to occurrence and development of myopia.We made a summary from the above-mentioned environmental factors,to provide references for further exploration of myopia development mechanisms as well as prevention strategies.