中华虎凤蝶湖南种群栖息地特性及其生态保护策略

Habitat character and ecological protection strategies of Luehdorfia chinensis Leech, 1893 population in Hunan

自2009年首次在湖南乌云界国家级自然保护区发现中华虎凤蝶种群以来,在该保护区持续开展了10余年的野外调查监测。通过对中华虎凤蝶湖南种群6个分布点的野外观测数据分析,结果表明中华虎凤蝶湖南种群栖息环境中的植被以禾本科、菊科、蔷薇科、百合科及豆科植物为主,共计有46科96属128种;不同栖息生境中种群数量差异较大,高山灌草丛为中华虎凤蝶湖南种群的主要生境,而梯田生境、乔木林生境中,其种群数量均很低,展现出与低矮芒草丛的保温遮阴特性以及寄主植物的分布密切相关。寄主植物的复壮和围栏的建设对中华虎凤蝶湖南种群的栖息环境起到了明显的保护作用、对其种群数量的增效作用显著。为深入研究中华虎凤蝶湖南种群的生物学和生态学特性提供了基础数据,为中华虎凤蝶湖南种群的保育工作开展奠定了理论基础,也为当地保护区的保护措施优化提供了科学依据。

Since 2009 with Luehdorfia chinensis Leech, 1893 population in Hunan Wuyunjie National Nature Reserve discovered, the field investigation and monitoring were carried out over ten years, and the field biological characters were observed. The results showed that the local vegetation was composed of 128 plant species belonging to 96 genera in 47 families, mainly Poaceae, Asteraceae, Rosaceae, Liliaceae and Fabaceae. The L. chinensis populations in Hunan was distinctly preferred to the shrub grass habitat on the top of mountain but rarely in terrace habitat and arbor forest habitat, which might be related to the heat preservation and shade characters of Miscanthus spp. and the distribution of host plants Asarum sieboldii. Planting of host plants and construction of fences have a direct impact on the habitat of L. chinensis and then observably effect to its population. The present study can provide some direct evidences for biology and ecology, and theoretical basis for the conservation of L. chinensis, and also can provide some scientific basis for the protection measures of local reserves.