陕西省生态恢复综合效益评估

Evaluation of comprehensive benefit for ecological restoration in Shaanxi Province

开展区域内生态恢复综合效益评估工作,将为地区生态恢复成果梳理及生态系统管理提供决策支持,为未来生态恢复工作的开展提供理论依据。以陕西省为研究区,基于空间遥感数据和生态模型模拟,从生态系统结构、质量和服务3个方面综合评估区域内2000—2015年生态恢复效益。研究结果表明:1)近16年间陕西省土地利用类型呈现林地增加,耕地减少的态势,同时关中地区建设用地大量增加。陕西省87.95%和72.72%的区域分别呈现植被覆盖和生态系统服务总值增加的趋势,尽管区域内人类活动占地增加,但整体生态恢复效果明显。2)陕南地区植被覆盖及生态系统服务总值相对较高,特别是秦岭地区,生态环境较为优越。陕北地区植被覆盖及生态系统服务均值虽相对较低,但均呈现显著增加趋势,未来区域范围内生态环境有着较大的发展潜力。3)尽管不同生态工程基本覆盖了陕西省全境,但受气象因素影响,生态系统服务总值在关中及陕南地区仍呈现出了一定的下降趋势。在未来相关区域的生态恢复资源投入中,应注意干旱环境对生态恢复效果的影响,因地制宜地选取适宜生态工程措施,以保证生态恢复的有效性和持续性,将生态恢复资源的成效最大化。

The comprehensive benefit evaluation of regional ecological restoration will provide decision-making support for ecosystem management and regional ecological restoration results sorting and provide a theoretical basis for future ecological restoration work. However, most of the studies have not formed a systematic theoretical framework in the evaluation process. The selected indicators in these studies are often relatively one-sided, focusing only on a certain field, which unable to form a comprehensive evaluation and overall cognition of the ecological restoration benefits of the study area. Therefore, this study takes Shaanxi Province as the study area, based on spatial remote sensing data and ecological model simulations, the ecological restoration benefits of the region from 2000 to 2015 were comprehensively evaluated from the aspects of ecosystem structure, quality, and service. The results showed that:(1) in the past 16 years, the land use types in Shaanxi Province presented a trend of increasing in forest land and decreasing in the farmland, which was in line with the characteristics of ecological restoration programs such as returning farmland to forest. At the same time, the construction land in Guanzhong area increased greatly, and the main source of construction land was farmland, indicating that urban construction occupied farmland seriously. However, 87.95% and 72.72% of Shaanxi Province increased in vegetation coverage and total ecosystem services, respectively, which indicated that the effect of ecological restoration was obvious despite the increase in human activity.(2) At the time scale, both the vegetation coverage and ecosystem services in Shaanxi Province showed an increasing trend. And at the spatial scale, the average value of vegetation coverage and ecosystem services in the southern Shaanxi were relatively high, especially in the Qinling Mountains, where the ecological environment is superior. Although the mean value of vegetation coverage and ecosystem services in the Northern Shaanxi was relatively low, both of them showed a significant increasing trend, and there is a great potential for the development of ecological environment in the future.(3) Although different ecological programs basically covered the entire territory of Shaanxi Province, the total ecosystem services in Guanzhong and southern Shaanxi still showed a decreased trend due to the meteorological factors. Therefore, in the future implementation of ecological restoration measures in relevant regions, more attention should be paid to the effects of arid environment on ecological restoration. Appropriate restoration measures should be selected according to local conditions to ensure the effectiveness and sustainability, and maximize the benefits of ecological restoration.