体育非物质文化遗产保护传承中乡村精英的话语权生成——基于湖南“汝城香火龙”的田野考察

Generation of Discourse Power of Rural Elites in Protection and Inheritance of Sports Intangible Cultural Heritage Based on Field Investigation of“Rucheng Incense Fire Dragon”in Hunan Province

新时代背景下体育非物质文化遗产如何实现“创造性转化与创新性发展”,特别是如何激发文化持有者参与保护传承的内生动力,是当前学界面临的重要议题。基于米歇尔·福柯的“话语—权力”理论,采用参与式观察、深度访谈等研究方法,以湖南省“汝城香火龙”活动为田野个案,探讨体育非物质文化遗产保护传承中乡村精英的话语权生成问题。研究认为自我价值的实现和村落社会“面子与文化资本的赚取”是乡村精英追求体育非物质文化遗产保护传承中话语权的主要动力。村落(宗族)龙灯理事会是乡村精英为组织、开展“汝城香火龙”活动而组建的自组织,该组织通过内部动员与外部联络的方式进行运作。配合地方政府响应国家文化发展战略,依托文化学者构建“非遗”学术话语以及借助“全媒体”立体化渲染发展图景,是“汝城香火龙”保护传承中乡村精英话语权生成的行动策略。体育非物质文化遗产保护传承中乡村精英的话语权拥有,有利于激发文化持有者的文化自觉意识,促进“自上而下”与“自下而上”相结合的社会共治保护传承模式的形成。

Under the background of the new era,how to achieve the“creative transformation and innovative development”of intangible cultural heritage of sports,especially how to stimulate the internal impetus of cultural holders to participate in the protection and inheritance,is an important issue in the academic field.Based on Michel Foucault’s“discursion-power”theory,adopting participatory observation,in-depth interview,taking“Rucheng Incense Fire Dragon”activity in Rucheng City of Hunan Province as a field case,this paper discussed the generation of the discourse power of rural elites in the protection and inheritance of intangible cultural heritage of sports.According to the research,the realization of self-value and the earning of“face and cultural capital”in the village society were the main driving forces for the rural elites to pursue the right of discourse in the protection and inheritance of intangible cultural heritage of sports.The village(clan)Dragon Lantern Council was a self-organization set up by the village elites to organize and carry out the activity of“Rucheng Incense Fire Dragon”.The organization operated through internal mobilization and external liaison.Cooperating with local governments to respond to the national cultural development strategy,relying on cultural scholars to construct the academic discourse of“intangible cultural heritage”and rendering the development picture in a three-dimensional way with the help of“all media”were the action strategies for the generation of the discourse power of rural elites in the protection and inheritance of“Rucheng Incense Fire Dragon”.In the protection and inheritance of intangible cultural heritage of sports,the right of discourse of the rural elite was conducive to stimulating the cultural consciousness of the cultural holders and promoting the formation of the protection and inheritance model of“top-down”in combination with“bottom-up”“social co-governance”.