蒙汉混合语同形别义词浅析

Discussing the words with Same Forms but Different Meanings in Mongolia-Chinese Hybrid Language

蒙汉混合语是在汉儿言语基础上发展起来的一种皮钦语。它是在蒙古人入主中原后出现的,随着蒙古人势力的消退而逐渐消失。蒙汉混合语的词汇具有一些鲜明特点,同形别义词即是其中之一。蒙汉混合语中同形别义词的产生,与对译特定蒙古语词语紧密相关,它与汉语中传统意义上的多义词和同音同形词有本质的区别。由于词源和词义的相关性,蒙汉混合语中的同形别义词很容易被当作普通的汉语词理解,从而造成文意的曲解。常见的同形别义词有“官人、告天、营盘、委付、小名、城子”等。这些同形别义词,《汉语大词典》《近代汉语词典》《元语言词典》等权威性词典或是未收词条,或是未收义项,均有改善的空间。

Mongolia-Chinese hybrid language is a kind of Pidgin which developed gradually on the basis of Han People language.This language emerged with the arrival of the Mongols and gradually disappeared as the Mongols’power waned.The vocabulary of Mongolia-Chinese hybrid language has some distinctive features,one of the features is the appearance of the words with the same forms but different meanings.The generation of these special words is closely related to the translation of Mongolian words.By the way,these special words are essentially different from traditional polysemous words and homonyms in Chinese.Due to the correlation of etymology and meaning,these special words are easy to be understood as ordinary Chinese words,resulting in misunderstanding.The words with same forms but different meanings which be often seen are“guāngrén(官人)”“gàotiān(告天)”“yíngpán(营盘)”“wěifù(委付)”“xiǎomíng(小名)”“chéngzi(城子)”and so on.In some authoritative dictionaries,such as Hanyu Da Cidian(《汉语大词典》),Jindai Hanyu Cidian(《近代汉语词典》),Yuan Yuyan Cidian(《元语言词典》),either these special words are not explained,or the relevant meanings are omitted.The authors explain the above common the words with same forms but different meanings detailedly in this paper.