北京话“忽”类时间副词的历时嬗变(1750-1950)

The Diachronic Evolution of“Hu(忽)”Time Adverbs in Beijing Dialect(1750-1950)

北京话“忽”类时间副词主要包括“忽”“忽然”“忽的(地)”“忽而”等。“忽”是“忽”类时间副词的根词,是其语法功能和语法意义的主要承担者,“忽然”“忽的(地)”“忽而”都由副词“忽”生发、演变而来。在1750—1950两百年间,北京话“忽”类时间副词的历时演变主要表现为:“忽”逐渐被“忽然”替代,“忽”类副词的其他成员“忽的(地)”“忽而”用例一直很少,只能是“忽”和“忽然”的补充,而不能与它们形成竞争关系。

The time adverbs of“hū(忽)”in Beijing dialect mainly include“hū(忽)”“hūrán(忽然)”“hūdì(忽的[地])”“hū’ér(忽而)”and etc.“Hū(忽)”is the root word of“hū(忽)”time adverbs and the main bearer of its grammatical function and grammatical meaning.“Hūrán(忽然)”“hūdì(忽的[地])”and“hū’ér(忽而)”are all born and evolved from the adverb“hū(忽)”.From 1750 to 1950,the diachronic evolution of time adverbs of“hū(忽)”in Beijing dialect shows that“hū(忽)”was gradually replaced by“hūrán(忽然)”,and the use cases of“hūdì(忽的[地])”and“hū’ér(忽而)”of other members of“hū(忽)”adverbs were very few,which could only supplement“hū(忽)”and“hūrán(忽然)”,but could not form a competitive relationship with them.