细胞治疗帕金森病的研究进展

Recent advances in cell therapy for Parkinson’s disease

帕金森病(PD)是一种以黑质多巴胺能神经元丢失为主要病理特征的神经退行性疾病,其病因不清且发病机制复杂。目前药物和手术治疗还难以根治PD。细胞治疗为PD治疗提供了新的策略,通过移植胎儿腹侧中脑组织至患者纹状体,可使患者运动功能得到一定程度的恢复,证实细胞移植具有治疗PD的作用;干细胞,包括多能干细胞、神经干细胞和间充质干细胞通过定向分化为多巴胺能神经元,为临床应用提供了可再生的细胞来源,进一步拓展了细胞治疗的前景;诱导神经元治疗PD避免了建立体外干细胞库的高成本,有望实现神经元原位再生。就基于不同细胞来源的PD细胞移植治疗研究进展进行综述,以期为再生医学治疗PD提供新的方向。

Parkinson’s disease(PD)is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by loss of the ventral substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons.The cause of this disease is complex and its pathogenesis remains unclear.At present,it is still difficult to cure PD with drug therapy and surgical treatment.Cell therapy may provide a novel strategy for PD.After transplantation of the fetal ventral mesencephalic tissue into striatum of patients with PD,motor function of PD patients was partially restored.Therefore,the cell therapy plays an important role in treating PD.Stem cells,including pluripotent stem cells,neural stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells,provide renewable resources for clinical applications and further broaden the prospects of cell therapy through directional differentiation into dopamine neurons.Induced neurons avoid the high cost of establishing a stem cell bank in vitro and are expect to allow neuronal regeneration in situ.In this review,we discuss the current progress in cell therapy for the treatment of PD,hoping to provide a good candidate for the regenerative medicine for treatment of PD.