内质网应激在抗病毒天然免疫应答中的研究进展

Research progress of endoplasmic reticulum stress in antiviral innate immune response

内质网应激是在细胞内蛋白稳态失调时所诱发的一种应激反应方式,大量未折叠或错误折叠的蛋白质在内质网中蓄积,引发内质网应激。研究表明,病毒感染造成的内质网应激在抗病毒天然免疫中发挥双重作用:一方面,细胞可通过内质网应激所引发的未折叠蛋白反应抑制病毒复制,增强炎症反应的强度;另一方面,病毒也可利用未折叠蛋白反应促进其自身的复制,并通过对未折叠蛋白反应的调控,抑制抗病毒天然免疫应答及炎症反应,维持病毒感染。文章就近年来内质网应激在抗病毒天然免疫应答中的作用和分子机制方面的研究进展进行综述。

Endoplasmic reticulum(ER) stress is a kind of stress response initiated by the disorder of cellular protein homeostasis. ER stress occurs due to the accumulation of the large amount of unfolded or misfolded proteins caused by the dysregulated cellular protein homeostasis. Recent studies indicate that ER stress induced by virus infection plays a dual role in the anti-viral innate immunity. On one hand, cells utilize the unfolded protein response(UPR) triggered by ER stress to inhibit the replication of viruses and enhance the intensity of innate inflammatory responses;on the other hand, viruses can benefit their replication from the UPR and inhibit the innate inflammatory response so as to maintain their infection. In this review, we summarize the progresses regarding to the roles and mechanisms of ER stress in anti-viral innate immunity in recent years.