基于相同刃缘的Ⅰ型与C型铲刀工作阻力对比试验研究

Comparative Experiment Study on Working Resistance of Type Ⅰ and Type C Blades Based on the Same Blade-Edge

铲刀形状对土壤推运过程的工作阻力有显著影响,且这种影响通常采用试验对比的方法获得,为了对不同形状铲刀之间的工作阻力进行比较,引入刃缘位置为量化参数进行对比分析。以砂土为推运介质,以Ⅰ型铲刀和C型铲刀为推运作业工具,针对2种铲刀共确定了4个相同的刃缘位置,在自行设计的试验装置上开展土壤推运试验研究。通过对比分析发现:在刃缘位置相同的条件下,C型铲刀的工作阻力在逐渐增加阶段的增速明显大于Ⅰ型铲刀,并很快达到推运稳定阶段;当2种铲刀的刃缘位置较小或较大时,工作阻力较为接近,最大相差不超过4.2%。当刃缘位置确定的作业倾角与实际铲刀相近时,2种铲刀的工作阻力在不同作业深度下呈现相反的结果,即作业深度较小时,Ⅰ型铲刀的工作阻力相对较小,最大可减小13.8%;作业深度较大时,C型铲刀更有利于推运作业,工作阻力最大可减小16.1%。因此,铲刀的工作阻力与刃缘位置密切相关,但在一定条件下需要考虑作业深度的影响,当铲刀形状不同时,其工作阻力对比可以将刃缘位置视为量化参数开展研究。

Blade shape has a significant effect on working resistance during soil bulldozing process, and the effect is usually measured by experimental comparisons. The edge position was introduced as a quantitative parameter for comparative analysis to make the working resistance of different shape blades on the same comparison premise. Taking sand as the pushing medium and Ⅰ-shape blade and C-shape blade as the pushing tools, four identical edge positions were determined for the two kinds of blades, and the soil pushing test was carried out on the self-designed test device. Through comparative analysis, it is found that: under the condition of the same edge position condition, the working resistance of the C-shape blade increases significantly faster than that of Ⅰ-type blade in the gradual increase stage, and soon reaches the stable stage of pushing. When the edge positions of the two blades are smaller or larger, the working resistance is close, and the maximum difference is no more than 4.2%. However, when the rake angle determined by edge position is close to the actual blade, the working resistance of the two blades shows opposite results at different working depths. That is, when the working depth is shallow, the working resistance of Ⅰ-shape blade is relatively small, which can be reduced by 13.8% at most;when the working depth is deep, the C-shape blade is more conducive to the soil bulldozing, and the working resistance can be reduced by 16.1% at most. Therefore, the working resistance of the blade is closely related to the position of the edge, but under certain conditions, the influence of the working depth needs to be considered. Moreover, when the shape of the blade is different, the edge position can be regarded as a quantitative parameter in the working resistance comparison.