强化保护条件下专利强制许可配合义务设定研究

Research on the Enactment of Obligation of Assistance for Compulsory License of Patent

专利权强制许可是为防止专利权与公共利益冲突而建立的制度。《巴黎公约》规定成员国有权采取立法措施规定强制许可。中国1984年的专利法对专利强制许可进行了规定,但至今尚无一例实践。从实践中看,其中主要原因之一就是单纯专利强制许可难以实现预期的目标,尚需专利权人的积极配合。《国务院办公厅关于改革完善仿制药供应保障及使用政策的意见》(国办发[2018]20号)要求明确药品专利实施强制许可路径。在大力强化专利保护的前提下,根据权利义务对等原则,在强制许可情形下,对专利权人赋予积极的配合义务,无论是从法理上还是道德上看,既是合理的,也是适当的。专利强制许可配合义务包括但不限于对专利技术附带的商业秘密的强制许可、药品数据权的自愿(强行)放弃,以及提供技术扶助等义务。由于涉及对专利权人施加更高义务,因此实现的最佳方式就是通过立法,将其纳入到专利法、药品管理法及其他相关法律当中。

Compulsory license of patent is a system established to prevent conflits between patent rights and public interests. The Paris Convention provided Member States with the right to take legislative measures to provide compulsory license. China drafted compulsory license article in patent law of 1984, but up to now, this article hasn’t been invoked for practice. One major reason lies in the fact that without the cooperative assistance from patent owner, the compulsory license of patent will not come out as satisfying as expected. In current China, we put too much emphasis in the strengthen of patent protection. The Opinions of Reformation and Impovement of the Supply and Gurranty of Generic Drug issed by General Office of State Council(General Office Document No. 20[2018]) required that the implementation pathway of compulsory drug patent must be clarified. But according to the principle of reciprocity of rights and obligations, it’s appropriate and necessary to require the patentee in the case of compulsory license burden the obligation of assistance to help the licensed party to put the patent into practice. The obligation of assistance to help the licensed party put the patent into practice includes but not limited to the compulsory disclosure of the trade secrets attached to patented technologies, voluntary(forced) waiver of drug data rights, and the provision of technical assistance. To realize this purpose, the best way is through legislation to incorporate it into patent law, drug administration law and other relavant laws.