论区块链电子证据司法审查的核心要义

On the Core Essence of Judicial Review of Blockchain Electronic Evidence

《人民法院在线诉讼规则》就区块链电子证据明确了存证平台资质、平台中立性、平台信息系统和取证存证技术及过程等司法审查要素,对案件事实的发现发挥显性功效。然而,由于审查标准和尺度模糊,导致实践中认定结果迥异。基于法教义学的视角,司法审查应由多元标准向一元的平台资质标准转变;由“相互独立”的单一标准向“分层递进”的中立方式转变;由信息系统的“虚置”向对其安全性、清洁性、可靠性和可用性四位一体评价转变;由技术说理向取证、存证技术和过程转变。通过上述审查标准的确立,约束并有效规范法官的自由心证,把区块链电子证据的审查纳入科学化、规范化的轨道,以达至既定的诉讼目标。

China’s Online Litigation Rules of the People’s Court has been clear about judicial review elements on blockchain electronic evidence, such as the qualification of evidence preservation platform, platform neutrality, platform information system and evidence collection technology and process, which play a dominant effect on the discovery of case facts. However, due to the vague review criteria and scales, there are very different identification results in practice. From the perspective of legal doctrine, judicial review should be shifted from multiple standards to monolithic platform qualification standard;from "independent" single review standard to "hierarchical" neutral review;from "virtual" phenomenon of information system review to all-sided evaluation of its safety, cleanliness, reliability and availability;from technical reasoning to detailed review of evidence obtain and preservation technology and process.Through the establishment of the above standards, the free heart evidence of judges is constrained and effectively standardized, and the review of blockchain electronic evidence is incorporated into the scientific and standardized track, so as to reach the litigation objectives.