我国用人单位职场性骚扰防治义务问题研究——基于劳动争议案例的分析

Research on the Employers Obligation to Prevent Sexual Harassment in the Workplace in China:Based on Labor Dispute Cases

职场是性骚扰的多发领域,职场性骚扰在侵权主体、侵权客体、侵权行为方面都具有不同于一般性骚扰的特点,有必要进行单独的法律规制,这也符合一般国际实践。我国《民法典》第1010条第2款确定了用人单位有防止劳动者受到性骚扰的义务,用人单位职场性骚扰防治义务的落实正是解决职场性骚扰问题的重要一环。但我国现有立法存在过于原则化的问题,反映至司法实践则表现为审判结果的随意性,既无立法指引又未形成“经验道路”,这不利于用人单位职场性骚扰防治义务的实现及对相关主体的保护。因此,有必要从性骚扰受害者、性骚扰施害者以及用人单位三方主体间的法律关系出发,完善我国关于用人单位职场性骚扰防治义务问题的法律规制。

Sexual harassment is frequently occurred in workplace.At the same time,workplace sexual harassment has different characteristics from general sexual harassment in terms of the subject of tort,the object of tort,and the tort action.It is necessary to carry out separate legal regulations,which is also in line with general international practice.The second paragraph of Article 1010 of our country’s Civil Code clarifies that employers have the obligation to prevent their employees from being sexually harassed.The implementation of the prevention obligations of employers is an important part of the protection of workplace sexual harassment.However,our country’s existing legislation has the problem of being too principled,which is reflected in judicial practice as the randomness of the trial results,neither legislative guidance nor an“experience path”,which is not conducive to the prevention of sexual harassment in the workplace and the protection of relevant subjects.Therefore,it is necessary to start from the legal relationship among the three parties including the victims of sexual harassment,the perpetrators of sexual harassment,and the employers,to improve the legal regulations on the obligation of sexual harassment of employers in the workplace.