中低速动车组弹性复合圆柱滚子轴承承载能力分析

Bearing capacity of elastic composite cylindrical roller bearings for middle-low speed multiple units

针对动车组轴箱轴承易发生疲劳损坏等问题,选择弹性复合圆柱滚子轴承作为动车组轮对的传动支撑部件,并对其承载能力进行了理论推导、仿真计算和试验研究。首先,在考虑了轨道不平顺作用下动车组轴箱轴承承受的垂向载荷、横向载荷和纵向载荷的基础上,构建起了动车组转向架的力学模型;然后,基于弹性复合圆柱滚子轴承的结构特性,在动车组轮对超常载荷和常规载荷两种工况下,通过有限元分析方法先进行了整体计算,再以当量载荷作为约束,对轴承进行了局部计算,确定了弹性复合圆柱滚子轴承滚子的最优填充度,对比分析了弹性符合圆柱滚子轴承和普通圆柱滚子轴承的承载特性;最后,通过轴承试验台对其接触应力进行了试验,验证了动车组轮对轴承仿真模型的准确性,以及弹性复合圆柱滚子轴承的优越性。研究结果表明:在超常载荷和常规载荷两种工况下,弹性复合圆柱滚子轴承的最大等效应力较普通圆柱滚子轴承分别下降了19.82%和27.92%;该分析结果可为动车组轮对的传动系统的设计和优化提供理论参考。

Aiming at the problems that the axle box bearing of multiple units was prone to fatigue damage,the elastic composite cylindrical roller bearing was selected as the transmission support component for multiple units wheel sets,and the theoretical derivation,simulation calculation and experimental analysis of the bearing capacity were conducted for the elastic composite cylindrical roller bearing applied to wheel sets.Firstly,the mechanical model of multiple unit’s bogie was developed with the vertical loads,transverse loads and longitudinal loads by axle box bearing under track irregularity condition.In addition,considering the structural characteristics of the elastic composite cylindrical roller bearing,the optimized filling degree of the elastic composite cylindrical roller bearing was determined under the two working conditions,abnormal load and conventional load,for the wheel sets,the bearing characteristics of the elastic composite cylindrical roller bearing and ordinary cylindrical roller bearing were compared and analyzed with the above working conditions.Finally,the contact stress was tested on the bearing test bench to verify the accuracy of the EMU wheel set bearing simulation model and the superiority of the elastic composite cylindrical roller bearing.The results show that the maximum equivalent stress of the elastic composite cylindrical roller bearing is 19.82%and 27.92%lower than that of ordinary cylindrical roller bearing under abnormal load and conventional load conditions,respectively.The analysis results might provide theoretical references for the design and optimization of wheel sets transmission system of multiple units.