美国外资国家安全审查机制的政治异化及其法律因应

Political Alienation of the National Security Review Mechanism of Foreign Investment in the United States and Its Legal Responses

外资国家安全审查机制的本质属性是法律性,这是由这一制度的设立目的、应遵循的原则和具备的规范性特征所决定的。但美国外资国家安全审查机制近年呈现出政治异化的趋势:第一,打破了这一制度背后保护—规制的法律逻辑;第二,不断践踏非歧视的法治原则,表现出强烈的“中国针对性”;第三,模糊的标准和宽泛的程序也突破了法律规范化的形式要求。为此,中国要应对美国政治化的外资安全审查,必须要从宏观、中观、微观三个层面着手:宏观层面以国家为主导,完善立法、积极促进中美对话;中观层面以行业为主导,尽可能形成行业联盟集中资源对美国相关机制予以深入研究;微观层面以企业为主导,要求企业自身不断提升其风险的预估和应对能力。

The attribute of the national security review mechanism of foreign investment should be legal in the essence,which is based on the purpose of the establishment of this mechanism,the principles of this mechanism and the normative character of this mechanism.However,the foreign investment national security review mechanism in the US has been alienated constantly towards the political direction.Firstly,the legal logic of protectionregulation behind the system has been broken.Secondly,it constantly tramples on the non-discrimination principle of rule of law,showing strong pertinence to China.Thirdly,its vague criteria and broad procedures also break through the formal requirements of standardization of law.In order to deal with the politicized security review of foreign investment in the US,it is necessary for China to start from three levels of macro,medium and micro.At the macro level,the country should take the lead,improve the legislation and actively promote the dialogue between China and the US.At the medium level,the industry should take the lead,form the industry alliance as far as possible in order to concentrate resources on the in-depth study of the relevant mechanisms in the US.At the micro level,the enterprise should take the lead,which requires enterprises themselves to constantly improve the ability to estimate and response to risks.