从奥巴马到拜登:美国政府对印度洋战略的继承与发展

From Obama to Biden: The Succession and Development of the U. S. Indian Ocean Strategy

从奥巴马政府到拜登政府,美国的印度洋战略实质经历了从“亚太再平衡”战略框架下到“印太战略”框架下的大调整。特朗普政府时期,“印太战略”的提出与发展使得美国的印度洋战略相比前任政府而言有了明显调整;而拜登政府的印度洋战略则基本沿袭了特朗普政府印度洋战略的内容,并在此基础上进行了一定发展。不论是特朗普政府对印度洋战略的“大调整”还是拜登政府的“微调整”,美国印度洋战略的继承和发展都与印度洋高度的地缘价值、维持美国主导下的印度洋地区秩序的需要、印太地区盟友和伙伴的支持和配合、美国国内外形势的变化等原因密不可分。美国印度洋战略的调整势必会对中国、印太局势、国际形势产生很大影响。

The U. S. Indian Ocean strategy has actually undergone a significantly major adjustment from the “Asia-Pacific Rebalancing Strategy”framework to the “Indo-Pacific Strategy”framework from the Obama administration to the Biden administration. Compared with previous administrations,the proposal and development of the “Indo-Pacific Strategy”during the Trump administration made the U. S. Indian Ocean strategy significantly adjusted,while the Indian Ocean strategy of the Biden administration basically followed the contents of the Trump administration and developed on this basis. Whether the “major adjustment”of the Trump administration or the “minor adjustment”of the Biden administration,the reasons why the U. S. inherits and adjusts its Indian Ocean strategy are inseparable from the high geographical value of the Indian Ocean,the need to maintain U. S.-led regional order of the Indian Ocean,the support and cooperation of allies and partners in the Indo-Pacific and the changes of the situation at home and abroad. The adjustment of the U. S. Indian Ocean strategy will inevitably have much impact on China,the Indian Ocean region,as well as the global situation.