明蓟镇长城修建历史及其建筑特色研究

Study on the Construction History and Architectural Features of the Great Wall in Jizhen Town of Ming Dynasty

作为明朝京畿重镇,明蓟镇的长城修建过程与明朝不同历史阶段的军事防御策略密切相关,大致可分为三个阶段,明初在对墙体修补的过程中,重点对主要障塞、关隘的建筑进行了修筑;土木之变后,明朝边备策略有所调整,更加注重防御,明武宗直至明世宗年间,大修边墙,将长城全线连接了起来;隆庆、万历年间,谭纶和戚继光等对长城进行了全面改造,修筑了大量的空心敌台,长城防御体系进一步完善。经过几个阶段的修建与改建,蓟镇长城形成了与众不同的建筑特色,边墙形式多样,烽燧布局完善,敌台建筑形态独特。明蓟镇长城防御性大大增强,是明长城的精华。

As an important town in the capital of the Ming Dynasty,the construction of the Great Wall in Jizhen of the Ming Dynasty was closely related to the military defense strategy in different historical stages of the Ming Dynasty. It can be roughly divided into three stages:1 in the process of repairing the walls in the early Ming Dynasty, the main obstacles were focused on after the civil engineering changes, the Ming Dynasty’s border preparation strategy was adjusted and more attention was paid to defense;2 during the Ming Wuzong period until the Ming Dynasty Emperor Shizong, the side walls were overhauled to connect the entire Great Wall;3 during the Longqing and Wanli years, Tan Lun and Qi Jiguang carried out a comprehensive transformation of the Great Wall, built a large number of hollow enemy platforms, and further improved the Great Wall ’ s defense system. After several stages of construction and reconstruction, the Great Wall of Jizhen has formed distinctive architectural features, with various side walls,perfect layout of beacons, and unique architectural forms of enemy towers. The defense of the Great Wall of Jizhen Town is greatly enhanced, and it is the essence of the Great Wall of Ming Dynasty.